The Possible Careers For An ENFP Personality Type Essay Example

The Possible Careers For An ENFP Personality Type Paper Carl Jung, one of the most renowned psychiatrists in history and founder of analytical psychology, introduced the personality typology. According to Dr. C. George Boeree’s (2006) brief biography of Carl Jung, â€Å"Jung developed a personality typology that has become so popular that some people dont realize he did anything else. It begins with the distinction between introversion and extroversion† (n.p.). Boeree (2006) also discussed in his article the four functions that Jung believed are people’s preferences in dealing with the inner and outer world. These are sensing, thinking, intuiting, and feeling. These functions were developed later on by Katherine Briggs and Isabel Myers. In the book of Esther Cameron and Mike Green (2004), the authors described the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) as follows: The most effective tool for identifying personality type is the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). This is a personality inventory developed by Katherine Briggs and her daughter Isabel Myers. The MBTI is based on the work of the Swiss analytical psychologist Carl Jung. The MBTI identifies eight different personality ‘preferences’ that we all use at different time—but each individual will have a preference for one particular combination over the others (pp. 43–44). These are the 16 personality types as enumerated by Myers and Briggs: ENFP, INFP, ENFJ, INFJ, ESTJ, ISTJ, ESFJ, ISFJ, ENTP, INTP, ENTJ, INTJ, ESTP, ISTP, ESFP, and ISFP (cited in Cameron Green, 2004). Each letter stands for the eight different personality ‘preferences’ which are: E-Extraverted I-Introverted, N-iNtuitive, S-Sensing, F-Feeling, T-Thinking, P-Perceiving and J-Judging (Cameron Green, 2004). As for my Jungian self-assessment result, I turned out to have an ENFP personality type. It stands for Extraverted iNtuitive Feeling Perceiving. According to Joe Butt’s (2005) functional analysis of an ENFP’s personality type, We will write a custom essay sample on The Possible Careers For An ENFP Personality Type specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Possible Careers For An ENFP Personality Type specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Possible Careers For An ENFP Personality Type specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The physical world, both geos and kosmos, is the ENFPs primary source of information. Rather than sensing things as they are, dominant intuition is sensitive to things as they might be. These extraverted intuitives are most adept with patterns and connections. Their natural inclination is toward relationships, especially among people or living things (n.p.). Butt (2005) also pointed out one colleague of his as someone with, â€Å"such tremendous interpersonal skills that she put her interviewers at ease during her own job interview. She had the ability to make strangers feel like old friends† (n.p.). This description actually earned a nod in terms of relating it to how I view myself. I like having people around me, and likewise, I also enjoy being around people. I enjoy communicating with them and building friendships. This is absolutely one of the primary reasons why I initially intend to pursue a master’s degree in business administration (MBA). I know that having the skills naturally would not be enough to be successful in something that I am comfortable in doing. To better provide a visual of my type of personality, here are some common ENFP descriptions from The Sixteen Personality Types by Linda Berens and Dario Nardi (1999): Theme is inspiration, both of themselves and others. Talents lie in grasping profound significance, revealing truths, and motivating others. Very perceptive of others’ hidden motives and purposes. Interested in everything about individuals and their stories as long as they are genuine. Contagious enthusiasm for â€Å"causes† that further good and develop latent potential and the same zeal for disclosing dishonesty and inauthencity. Frequently moved to enthusiastically communicate their â€Å"message† (p. 40). These personal findings definitely validate the reasons for my life and career decisions. I am indeed a very sociable person, and I tend to find more consolation by being focused on the outer world. This is the reason why I would like to pursue my studies so I can further my career in people-oriented type of jobs. Nevertheless, it is also possible that some of the descriptions might not match the way I see myself, or most probably, I am not aware yet that I possess them. Remembering the Johari Window, where the 2nd quadrant encloses the things that others know about me but I am unaware of, I realized that some of the descriptions on the ENFP personality can be considered as â€Å"things that I am not aware that I have.† It is also rather interesting that there are famous ENFP personalities according to Butt (2005), including â€Å"Meg Ryan (When Harry Met Sally), Robin Williams (Dead Poets Society, Mrs. Doubtfire), Sandra Bullock (Speed, While You Were Sleeping), Robert Downey (Heart and Souls), [and] Alicia Silverstone (Clueless)† (n.p.). These personalities have a common interest—acting. Acting specifically deals with entertaining people, which justifies the research conducted about ENFPs as being oriented with the outer world. As an ENFP type, it is safe to conclude that my interest would also be related to this field, which is unquestionably correct. The question is: What pushes me into pursuing an MBA? Honestly, it is because of the fulfillment that it brings me. I am technically new to the 16 personality types, so it is quite hard to pinpoint the motivation that I have for my decision which is also relative to my ENFP personality. Fortunately, I was able to come across one of the closest ENFP description to my personality. For ENFPs the dominant quality in their lives is their attention to the outer world of possibilities; they are excited by continuous involvement in anything new, whether it be new ideas, new people, or new activities. Though ENFPs thrive on what is possible and what is new, they also experience a deep concern for people as well. Thus, they are especially interested in possibilities for people. ENFPs are typically energetic, enthusiastic people who lead spontaneous and adaptable lives (Martin, 2008, n.p.). Apparently, one of the primary motivations here would be the involvement to something new. The enthusiasm of people with an ENFP personality guides them into taking new heights and turns along their life journey. New things excite and trigger their thirst for adventure. No matter where their personality leads them, whether interesting or not, they decide in accordance to their courage and hunger for quest. The 16 personality types are effective in discovering the reasons behind people’s decisions. Although it does not promise accuracy, it is with no question that knowing one’s type of personality is necessary in helping someone understand him- or herself more. nbsp; References Berens, L. V.   Nardi, D. (1999). The Sixteen Personality Types: Descriptions for Self-Discovery. California: Telos Publications. Boeree, C. G. (2006). Carl Jung. Personality Theories. Retrieved October 6, 2008 from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/jung.html Cameron, E. Green, M. (2004). Making Sense of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools Techniques of Organizational Change. London: Kogan Page Publishers Butt, J. (2005, February 25). Extraverted intuitive feeling perceiving. TypeLogic. Retrieved October 6, 2008 http://typelogic.com/enfp.html Martin, C. (2008). The sixteen types at a glance. Center for Applications of Psychological Type. Retrieved October 6, 2008 from http://www.capt.org/mbti-assessment/type-descriptions.htm nbsp;

Devil in a Blue Dress Essays

Devil in a Blue Dress Essays Devil in a Blue Dress Essay Devil in a Blue Dress Essay The setting is in Los Angles in the year of 1948, after World War II. Easy is in Scoops bar and notices a white man, named DeWitt Albright, walk in. Easy notices that Albright is white and is dressed in all white. Easy then recalls that he is used to white people because he fought in the war (Devil 45). Soppy calls Easy over and tells him that Albright has a job for him and will give more details at another location. Easy feels that Albright does shady business and does not trust him. Easy fugues that he needs the money because he loves his home and will do anything to keep his mom. Easy would do anything to keep his home because this Is only possession he has ever had since he grew up on a sharecroppers farm. Easy goes to the location to find out more details about the job Albright has for him. Easy runs into a white man who frustrates him enough to make Easy want to rip his face off, like he had done to another white boy (59). Finally, the man grants him access and he meets with Albright after a second encounter with body guards. Albright Job for Easy is to find a light haired, blue eyed woman whose name is Daphne Monet. Albright was hired by another person to find Monet, but Albright goes not have the right persuasion (63). Easy is unsure of this Job and does not know what he is getting himself into because he does not want to cause any harm to anyone. Albright comforts Easy by telling him all he wants Is to know where she Is and he will him give enough money so Easy can pay his mortgage to keep his home and find him a Job after this Job Is done. Easy accepts and Albright directs him too bar that used to be a speakeasy before Prohibition was repealed, Johns place. Easy runs into a man named Junior and he begins his journey looking for Daphne. Easy and Junior converse over a few beers about Howard Greens murder. Howard Green was the chauffeur to Matthew Terra, who had recently dropped out of the running to become mayor. Junior then changes the topic to a man named Mouse and he asks Easy what ever happened to Mouse. Easy tells Junior that it has been so long I dont even remember, however Easy lies and he does remember (76). Easy recalls that he last talked to Mouse about his stepfathers and biological sons murders. Mouse murdered his stepfather and blamed It on another man Clifton. However, Mouses stepfathers son, Inveterate, did not believe that Clifton killed his ether but It was Mouse. Inveterate tried to kill Mouse but falls and he kills Inveterate Instead. After Easy Is done thinking to himself, he asks Junior about Daphne, but pretends that he does not know her real name. Junior does not know who she is, but Easy suspects Junior Is lying. Easy walks over to ten oar Ana slots next to Nils Eternal named ODell Jones. Then, Duper, a former co-worker of Easy walks into the bar along with his girlfriend Correct. The four of them have drinks and Duper passes out. Easy helps Correct put Duper to bed and Correct starts to seduce Easy. Easy at iris does not flirt back but Correct reveals that she is a friend of Daphne. They have sex, even though Easy is Dupers friend. Easy leaves when he thinks Duper is waking up. When Easy arrives home he receives a letter from Mouse. Mouse will be coming to town to visit and Easy reluctantly goes to his closet. He talks to himself and does not know why he went to his closet, maybe pack my bags and leave town. Maybe I Just wanted to hide in the closet (92). Easy falls asleep and is awakened by a call from Albright. Albright tells Easy to meet him at the Santa Monica pier. At the pier, Easy runs into a white girl named Barbara. Easy is not interested in talking with her but she makes up conversation with him because she was forced to come with her sister and is bored. Two white boys come and threaten Easy for talking to a white girl. Albright arrives to the pier and threatens one of the boys with a gun. He lets the boy go after pistol-whipping him. Easy thinks to himself that if Albright could do that to his own, he could do far worse to Easy since he is black. Easy is still unsure about Albright and wants to make sure again that no one will get rut before he tells Albright the information he has learned. Daphne was last seen with a man named Frank Green at the Playroom and tells Albright Franks address. Albright gives Easy more money and a card to where he can find a Job. Easy thinks that he will not need it because Duper told him that their boss will hire him again back at Champion, but he accepts the money and card anyways. Easy goes to Champion the next morning and runs into Duper who is looking for Correct. Easy lies, again, and tells Duper he went home after putting Duper on the bed. When Easy meets with his boss, Mr.. Giaconda, he tells him that if he were white, he would have not fired him but Joked about asking him to stay late. Easy calls him by saying mister but does not get the same respect from Mr.. Giaconda. Easy demands that Mr.. Giaconda call him by Mr.. Rawlins instead of Easy and Mr.. Giaconda consents, but still cannot offer a Job to Easy. Easy is happy even though he did not get his Job back because his bills were paid and it felt good to have stood up for myself (112). Easy returns home by noon and notices a car parked across the street from his mom. Two white men approach him and take him down to the police station. Easy is put into an interrogation room and is scared because they are not following a routine by putting him in a holding cell. They question where Easy was on Thursday early morning and if he fought with Duper. Easy tells him that he got drunk and took Duper back to Corvettes home and did not argue with Duper. After Easy is beat up, the officers let him go and has to walk back home since public transportation stops at six. Easy starts walking towards Johns place and a car pulls up next to him. Easy does not want to get into the car but the man in the back seat tells him that he knows why he was interrogated by the police. He gets into the car and meets a white man named Matthew Terra, the man who pulled out of the mayors race. Terra is very interested in the whereabouts of Daphne but Easy pretends that he does not know who Terra is talking about. Easy notices a strange shadow in the car and Terra tells the Mexican boy to come out. Easy notices that the DOD Is very alert Ana clangs onto learn. learn teen asks ass T nee Knows tout Howard Green and if Correct said anything about Howard. Easy lies about not knowing who Howard is, but tells the truth that Correct did not mention Howard. Terns driver takes Easy to Johns place and offers him money, but he will not take it because he does not want to touch anything that man has touched. A woman named Hattie greets Easy when he arrives at Johns place. When Hattie finds out where Easy has been, she asks if it was about Correct. Easy is confused and Hattie tells him that Correct was murdered Just like how Howard was murdered. Easy asks if Hattie can get ODell for him, who gives him a ride back home. ODell advises Easy to leave town when they arrive at Eases home because of the murders that have been happening. Easy looks at his home and refuses to leave town. Easy drinks a lot before falling asleep because he is haunted by Correct. He is awakened by a phone call from Junior and he suddenly remembers that he saw Daphne and Frank together at Johns place. Easy pretends not to care, hangs up on Junior, and falls back asleep. Again, Easy is awakened by another phone call but this time it is Daphne, who has a mild French accent. Two days before, Correct tells Daphne that she wants money from her otherwise she will tell Easy about her whereabouts. Easy then breaks the news to Daphne that Correct is dead and was beaten to death. Daphne is shocked and must go see her friend but needs Easy to drive her there because she gave all the money she had to Correct. When they arrive at Daphne friends home they find him dead, stabbed in the back and Easy notices something on the floor and picks it up. Daphne is leaving in the dead mans car and kisses Easy before she leaves town and tells Easy to do the same. Easy notices that Daphne has a southern accent now, not a French one. In chapter fourteen, Easy is talking to the voice in his head. He is wondering if he should leave like ODell and Daphne suggested, but he does not want to leave his home. The voice in his head tells him he needs to stand up for himself and not let people walk all over him otherwise he will be dead by next Wednesday. This voice has been helping Easy survive ever since the army and is what keeps him alive after all of the dangerous situations he has encountered and will encounter till the end of the book. Work Cited Moslem, Walter. Devil in a Blue Dress. New York: Pocket, 1990. Print. DOD Is very alert Ana clangs onto learn. learn teen as

Bravery1

Bravery1 Essay What is the first thing that comes to mind when the word bravery is said? For most people a war hero or a superhero comes into their minds. Probably every language has a word for bravery, but there is only one true meaning. The word bravery is showing a brave spirit or courage(Random, p. 164) when hard times are thrust upon or happen to them. Bravery is not only what people do, but how they do it. The concept is also showiness, splendor, and magnificence(Random, p. 164). Bravery may be shown in different ways: a person may jump from a plane or walk on fire to show that he/she is truly brave. Then again, sometimes bravery is something that a person has inside him or her and is never shown as an action at all. For thousands of years, people have used words that describe the concept of bravery. The history, or etymology, of the English word bravery is as follows. The word originated in Latin as barbarus. The Romans who spoke Latin were warriors so it is logical they would have a word that talked about their courageous actions. The Vulgar Latin, which was spoken Latin, was transformed by Middle French in the Middle Ages as well as by Middle English. This form of English was what was spoken in the 12th to 15thcenturies. From the Middle English evolved the English we speak today and with it, the word bravery. Throughout history, people have talked about the concept of bravery in many ways. The Greek writer and philosopher Euripides said, The man who knows when not to act is wise. To my mind, bravery is forethought (Euripides, p.11). In the Middle Ages, George II of England said that bravery never goes out of fashion (George, p. 261). Later, Franois de la Rockefoucould said, True bravery is shown by performing without witness what one might be capable of showing all the world (Rockefoucould, p. 12). Bravery has seemed to be an important concept or action throughout history. When Franois de la Rockefoucould spoke about bravery, he pointed out an important feature of the virtues true meaning. Then he made the distinction between peoples private actions versus their public ones, he made it clear that people who do good deed only to get rich or famous are not practicing bravery. True bravery is helping people or animals simply because their actions benefit mankind. It seems that we often misunderstand this aspect of bravery and make the wrong people famous while forgetting about others who show bravery throughout their lives. The one person that, for me, most represents bravery in this century is Martin Luther King, Jr. Mr King was born in Atlanta, Georgia when black men and white men did not mix. When he died, these two races were a little closer to peace. This was due primarily because of the great influence that Martin Luther King, Jr. had in the United States. He got on the bandwagon of the civil rights movement with the Montgomery Bus Boycott. He kept leading the movement after his house was bombed. That was bravery because he put his life on the line to make all American black peoples lives better. Later in his life, in 1963, he and other protesters in Birmingham, Alabama, were met by police with dogs and high pressure water hoses (Norell, np). This event was shown on television. His resistence in Alabama was brave because when police came, he and the others did not back down but rather stood up for their beliefs. I dont know if Ive shown bravery or not in my life yet. READ: A Study On Child Observation And Game Essay I havent had any opportunities to save anyone or make a difference in the world. There have been times when I have stood up for my beliefs or said what I thought was right when it meant that I might not get to do something. I think Ive been brave in these situations but to talk about what Ive done and compare it to the actions of a man like Martin Luther King, Jr. is to compare apples and oranges, to make my actions greater than they were or to make his actions less important than what they .

I am going to send the paper topics by attachment Essay

I am going to send the paper topics by attachment - Essay Example From the beginning of the story, she describes the pathetic condition of her physical body with a sense of detachment, in a tone of irony, wit and humor. The sentences are intelligently crafted. Elucidating her accidental fall, she writes, â€Å"So many movements unbalanced me, and as I pulled the door open, I fell over backward, landing fully clothed on the toilet seat with my legs splayed in front of me:†¦..the building deserted, I was free to laugh aloud as I wriggled back to my feet, my voice bouncing of the yellowish tiles from all directions† (Para 1). Even in such a grim situation, she exhibits her capacity to remain in good humor and thus generates confidence. That is no ordinary sense of humor; it is the challenge to her destiny that brings her physical body to such a sorry state, but it fails to beat her mental toughness. She neither pities her condition nor condemns herself. She accepts her state of being â€Å"crippled† as part of her inner experience. She shows how reading about disability is much different from experiencing the disability. One’s strength is tested when one undergoes the ordeal. Her inner strength is admirable and the tone is straightforward. She admits, everyone is entitled to one’s opinion about her plight, and she is entitled to hers. I am devastated by her honesty. She is no more an active partner in the domestic environment and is unable to share the responsibilities, and watches with resigned pleasure how her children and other family members have readjusted to her changed physical condition. But she admits candidly, â€Å"But I couldn’t bear the corroboration that around me were doing in fact what I’d always suspected them of doing, professing fondness while silently putting up with me because the way I am. A cripple† (Para 17). But this is a situation in her life over which she has no control. She is aware, people who interact with her and family members with direct resp onsibility towards her, show special concern, consideration and kindness to her. But the structured of her deformed and fragile body has nothing to with her steely mental frame and her tough resolutions in life. She makes a matter of fact observation, â€Å"People - crippled or not - wince at the word "cripple," as they do not at "handicapped" or "disabled." Perhaps I want them to wince. I want them to see me as a tough customer, one to whom the fates /gods /viruses have not been kind, but who can face the brutal truth of her existence squarely. As a cripple, I swagger.†(Para 2) She believes that the medical practitioners are in the learning stage about her complicated condition and does not blame them for their initial confusion about the diagnosis. They are doing their best to monitor the developments happening to her body. She has her challenge, and they have their challenges. She describes her relationship with the doctors taking care of her: â€Å"I may be frustrated, m addened, depressed by the incurability of my disease, but I am not diminished by it, and they are" (Para 30). She has converted her physical disadvantage to strengthen her spirit and sharpen the writing skills. Her words have more punch and imagination is more fertile, as would be seen from the words go in the essay. About the vital role her sense of humor plays in her life, she expresses her predicament and fear that the gravity of her disease may do irreversible damage to her existence and writes, â€Å"

Apital punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apital punishment - Research Paper Example Of the developed western countries, only the United States continues to actively practice capital punishment, and this varies significantly between different states. History of capital punishment Prior to the 18th-century, capital punishment was prevalent in England for a range of types of crime, including theft and assault. However, as power shifted towards a parliamentary system, and away from the monarch having sole power, the use of capital punishment decreased. This was partly driven by a desire to see more democracy, and also because the death penalty was becoming ineffective at reducing crime rates (Lieberman 200-203). At this time the list of crimes that were punishable by death was so extensive that enforcing the law was difficult and often impossible. Because the only option for those convicted of capital crimes was death, many were released or recommended for royal pardon, based on compassion (Lieberman 209). Consequently, the use of capital punishment began to decrease, a nd there was an increase in the rate at which criminals were imprisoned In southern France 1977, a Tunisian worker was killed by guillotine as the result of a conviction of murder. While there was nothing significant about the conviction itself, this was the last time that an individual was executed through capital punishment in Western Europe in the 20th century. This trend was prevalent throughout the world, and in the same year only two people were put to death in the United States (Zimring 15-16). The worldwide perception of capital punishment has changed throughout the decades. Initially, Europe believed that the presence of the death penalty was the decision of the individual nation. However, since 2000 Europe has placed a strong emphasis on the human rights aspect of capital punishment, believing the use of the death penalty to be a violation of human rights (Zimring 17). Capital punishment in the United States The occurrence of capital punishment within the United States of America remains an issue of significant moral, political and legal relevance. America is the only developed nation in the western world that continues to use capital punishment as a legal means of punishing criminals (Zimring viii). The use of capital punishment in the United States is varied, and some states actively use the death penalty, while others have abolished it altogether. While the number of people sentenced to death has been dramatically increasing, the same trend has not been observed in number of people executed (Zimring 6). The history of capital punishment in the United States is surprising and unpredictable. In the 1950s and 1960s the pattern of executions followed that of the rest of the western world, with a steadily decreasing number of deaths by capital punishment per year. By 1965, this figure had decreased to less than ten executions each year. A moratorium was released on capital punishment in 1972, which lasted until 1970. However, from 1970 to the present d ay, the nationwide rates of capital punishment have been increasing, and they currently resemble the rates that occurred prior to the moratorium (Zimring 6-7). Capital punishment shows substantial variation across the states. Thirty-eight states have legal statutes that allow the death penalty, although several of these have not executed an individual for decades. Furthermore, variation among the states that practice the death penalty is significant. In 2000, 40 people were executed in the state of Texas, out of the 85 executions that occurred across the nation (Zimring 7). One significant change that has occurred in the death penalty since its inception is the movement

Beer Wars Essay Example for Free

Beer Wars Essay Beer Wars is documentary about the American beer industry and how the 3 largest US breweries try to drive out the competition. This documentary covers how lobbyists are used to control the beer market and drive out smaller breweries such as Dogfish Head Brewery, Stone Brewery, and Moonshot: all producers of craft beer. The documentary describes how a 3 tier system was put into place to separate the powers of selling beer and prevent a monopoly but the laws that were put into place to prevent the monopoly, infact, promoted the size and strength of the largest beer corporations. An oligopoly was formed and maintained between Anheuser Busch, Coors, and Miller. Porter’s Five Forces Model is a business strategy that was covered in Beer Wars. Anat Barron described how difficult it was for small craft beer makers to be new entrants to the beer industry. When Anheuser Busch felt the least bit threatened, they had the capital and access to distribution channels that the smaller breweries did not have. The craft breweries found it greatly difficult to compete with the big 3 because they were not a substitute for the Big 3’s product, they were a small competitor. Anheuser Busch controlled the bargaining power because they were able to keep prices down due to their size and pockets while small craft breweries had to be more expensive because of the quality and care that went into it on top of having to pay a higher rate for ingredients compared to the other large corporations. To cite an example of the deep pockets that the big 3 had, Anheuser Busch came out with beer with caffeine in response to Moonshot beer, which was a craft beer (and the first of it’s kind). It can be viewed as theft but they had the pockets to Moonshot out. They targeted the bars and stores that carried Moonshot and gave them free cases of Anheuser Busch’s version of Moonshot beer. Though illegal some bars took it because it was free and busch had better prices to drive moonshot out. The intensity of competitive rivalry was at an all-time high when it came to Anheuser Busch trying to weed out the smaller breweries. The big 3 breweries managed to control the market share through advertising on tv , sponsorships, and on the store shelves through strategic placement of their product. The three tier system that separates the powers of selling beer delves into how lobbyists are used to control the beer market. Anheuser Busch uses their deep pockets to get rid of competition from small craft beer makers and control consumer choice. They purchase other beer corporations. Although only touched upon briefly towards the end of the film, Anat touched upon how Coors and Miller had to go into a 50/50 joint venture to compete with Anheuser Busch. Coors and Miller scanned the beer environment and realized that they could not keep a myopic view and hope for things to turn around. They knew that in order for each to survive, they needed to join forces. They were easier for Anheuser to take out individually but stronger as a whole.

Business Ethics Essay -- Philosophy Ethics Morality essays research pa

Business Ethics Ethics is a branch of philosophy that inquires into the nature of ultimate value and the standards by which human actions can be judged right or wrong (â€Å"ethics,† Collegiate). Ethics is not primarily concerned with the description of moral systems in societies. That task, which remains on the level of description, is one for anthropology or sociology. In contrast, ethics deals with the justification of moral principles. A Brief History of the Study of Ethics Ethics has been studied since ancient times. In the oldest of the Indian writings, ethics is an integral aspect of philosophical and religious speculation about the nature of reality. These writings date from about 1500 BC. They have been described as â€Å"the oldest philosophical literature in the world, and what they say about how people ought to live may therefore be the first philosophical ethics† (Everson 5). In ancient China, he humane teaching of Confucius and his followers, the peaceful wisdom of Lao-zi, and the universal love of Mo-zi offered alternatives to frequent wars. Early Greece was the birthplace of Western philosophical ethics. In the poetic literature of the 7th and 6th centuries BC, there were ethical precepts but no real attempts to formulate a coherent overall ethical position. The Greeks were later to refer to the most prominent of these poets and early philosophers as the seven sages, and they are frequently quoted with respect by Plato and Aristotle. During the Classical Period of Greek ethics, three great philosophers – Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle – flourished in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. Their ideas have served ever since as the cornerstone for the Western ethics. In the later Greek and Roman periods, the two dominant schools of thought, Stoicism and Epicureanism, represent important approaches to the question of how one ought to live. The Middle Ages did not give birth to any major new ethical theories. It is worth mentioning that Christian ethics is distinguished from the philosophical discipline of ethics, which relies upon the authority of reason. Christian ethics, also called moral theology, appeals to the authority of revelation, specifically as found in the preaching and activity of Jesus Christ. The significance of Renaissance for ethics lies in a change of focus. For the first time since the conversion of the Roman Empire to Christianity, ... ... Conclusion Conflicts of interest are fundamental to the nature of business. Although society wants companies to create many well-paying jobs, those same organizations want to limit compensation costs and raise productivity levels. Customers want to purchase goods and services at low prices, but businesses want to maximize profits. Society wants to reduce pollution levels, but businesses want to minimize the cost that environmental regulations add to their operations. Managers must continuously and consciously balance the needs of the organization and its stockholders with the needs of other stakeholders, including workers, customers, and the larger community. Managers must also balance their personal needs and desires against those of their organizations. Works Cited Ashby, W. Allen, Warren Ashby. A Comprehensive History of Western Ethics: What Do We Believe? Amherst: Prometheus Books, 1997 Becker, Lawrence C., and Charlotte B. Becker, ed. A History of Western Ethics. New York : Routledge, 2003. â€Å"ethics.† Collegiate Encyclopà ¦dia. 2005. Collegiate Encyclopà ¦dia. 4 June 2005 . Everson, Stephen, ed. Ethics. Cambridge, U.K. ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Going to College Essay

Going to college really does open a new chapter in everyone life, the beginning of new friendships, opportunities and growth. As a college student, a new student will be introduced to new areas of interest, broaden his vision of possibilities, establish and accomplish goals, develop lifelong friendships and define him or her in ways that he can imagine. Anyone on Earth already asked, or will ask himself where he would be in 10, 20 or even 30 years down the road. It is hard enough imagining what his life is going to be like in a year or two. Questions like â€Å"Where do you want to be today, tomorrow and in the future? † might be hard ones for young teenagers, who just graduated from high school. Attending college will help anyone answer those questions, develop a realistic plan for accomplishing his goals, and equip him with the knowledge and skills he will needs to see his goals through to the end. We usually assume that a college degree is necessary when it is not actually. We can also noticed that, because we place so much emphasis on degrees, people who have not attended college think of themselves badly, and this lack of self-confidence can really impede their success. There are some people for whom the college is actually not the best way to learn. However, a college education is an opportunity for everyone to learn what he loves. A new student can actually take the time to enjoy learning what he is truly passionate about. If he is interested in a variety of things and he is not sure where to focus, he can take his time to try them all. Nobody should look at college as a long-term contract that he is not going to be able to get out of once he starts. Anyone should feel like he needs to decide on a major area of study before starting college. College is a time for everyone to test himself, explore his interests, see what the possibilities are, and to see what he can achieve. Most other students attending college are going to be in the exact same boat. There are also a variety of resources, provided by most universities, to help anyone through college, including academic advisors, professors accessible on campus, tutoring academic support, full-time counseling staff and more. While the prospect of attending college may seem a bit daunting and even suffocating, a graduated high school teenager should not forget that he will still get to live his life. He will be able to participate in a variety of extracurricular activities, social groups, maintain a job, or even pursue a career while completing his studies. He may even find that college ends up being much more enjoyable and fulfilling than he ever expected. There are additional reasons as to why it is important to go to college. When students experience a post-secondary education, they have the opportunity to read books and listen to the lectures of top experts in their fields. This stimulation encourages students to think, ask questions, and explore new ideas. So, â€Å"why should you go to college? † The reasoning does not begin and end with the job aspect. A good education is beneficial from many different viewpoints. If any teenager is still asking himself why he should go to college, it is important to remember the significant amount of opportunity available for college graduates. The global economy is becoming increasingly more competitive, and in order to give him the best chance for a well-paying job, he must first understand the importance of college education. Attending college provides students with the knowledge and experience they are unable to receive from a secondary education, and finding a way to fund a higher education now can pay off in a huge way in the years to come.

Keeping Romance Real

In seeking to discover if the classic fathers of poetry can prove beneficial to the marketing of teen romance films, the poems of Shakespeare, Donne and Dryden should be revisited.   After all, William Shakespeare wrote over one hundred love sonnets, so certainly something should provide a link from the 1600 to the present.   What insight can these poets provide modern teenagers into this thing called romance?In answering this question, readers must first attempt to decipher what each of these authors means by romance.   Defining this term is difficult enough without having to pore over archaic volumes of poetry that seems to be written in a different language, even if it claims to be modern English!  Ã‚   However, when these tomes are dusted off and sifted through, definitions of romance do bubble to the surface.   For example, â€Å"Love’s Alchemy† by John Donne, â€Å"Ah, How Sweet it is to Love,† by John Dryden, and â€Å"Sonnets 116 and 130† by William Shakespeare, all have something to say about this most ambiguous term.First of all, John Donne expresses through his poem â€Å"Love’s Alchemy† the very mesmerizing nature of love.   His speaker is what modern people might call a naysayer (or teens call a buzz kill).   He is certain that his life is just a fulfilling as the lives of other men who are in love.   He proclaims love to be an â€Å"imposture, all!† (Donne, line 6).He points out that â€Å"no chemic yet th’elixer got† (line 7), meaning nobody has a recipe for love that he knows about and that those in love are merely dreaming.   The speaker questions the loss of â€Å"our ease, our thrift, our honour, and our day† to this â€Å"vain bubble’s shadow† of love (lines14-15).   He seems mystified at his colleagues finding the music of the spheres in the voices and minds of the women the say they love and ultimately concludes that women are possessed and therefore bewitch the men into loving them.This poem seems to indicate that love is a farce, black magic even which serves to intoxicate and brainwash the lover.   How true it is!   What teenager (or adult) would ever deny that he or she has done something completely insane, completely out of character, even completely embarrassing all in the name of love?   Donne’s speaker, though clearly lonely, has illuminated the very essence of love – magic.   Although this speaker’s sardonic treatment of romance is evident, the magic that seems to have beset his friend appears to be stronger than all of the speaker’s denial.   He is jealous and empty.John Dryden’s poem â€Å"Ah, how sweet it is to love!† takes a completely different tone from the pessimism of Donne’s.   This poem moves swiftly, like a song, without the drudgery of Donne’s lyric.   Of course some of the content is similar.   The speaker, though euphoric , notes the â€Å"pleasing pains we prove/When we first approach Love’s fire!†(Dryden, lines 3-4).   Even if this love produces tears, these tears are the â€Å"trickling balm† (line10) to the one in love.   The contrasts between pain and soothing pleasure in this poem in a way reinforces Donne’s theme that love is magic – but not black magic as Donne’s speaker might suggest.Here, the speaker praises the romantic experience as being an oxymoronic jaunt through emotion – pleasure and pain, joy and sadness, rise and fall.   The movement of this poem mimics the ups and downs of true romance – the incredible highs and the devastating lows.   Both are important parts of true love.   Nobody knows this better than a teenager who has gone on a magical date with his or her true love only to have that bubble burst even a few days later.   Of course the bubble resurfaces with another invitation and the cycle continues, as Dryd en’s speaker celebrates.Finally, the tried and true lover of all, William Shakespeare, actually focuses his reader on the realities of love and romance in two sonnets, numbers 116 and 130.   In these sonnets, Shakespeare takes a look at what a real romance really is by examining what love is not.   In Sonnet 116, the speaker cautions that love will not change as time goes by.   He notes that â€Å"Love is not love/which alters when it alteration finds† (Shakespeare, Sonnet 116, lines 2-3) and that â€Å"Love is not Time’s fool† (line 9).These lines suggest that changes in people’s looks will not change the nature of the romance.   In Sonnet 130, the speaker notes again the magical quality that love has on a person.   The speaker sets out by noting that his â€Å"mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun†(Shakespeare, Sonnet 130, line 1) and that her voice is far from musical.   He illuminates her physical faults only to argu e that she is a real person and that her faults do not have any impact on their relationship.   He loves her regardless and would not belittle that romance by offering the ridiculous comparisons of other people (and poets).Here Shakespeare grounds the readers.   After reading many poems which compare lovers to goddesses, teens might note a correlation with fashion magazines that compare women with 6 foot tall, size-zero models.  Ã‚   Love and romance is a real occurrence in life, so real faults and real pains will be involved.   Dryden and Shakespeare express these realities in their poems.   Donne expresses this magical quality about love that his speaker tries to denounce, but that has clearly caught his friends in its intoxicating web.Oddly, we see through these poems that love and romance are characterized as both reality-driven and magical.   The feelings are like none that people have ever felt, but these feelings are grounded in real appearances and real situation s.   Most teens today pronounce that they just want to â€Å"Keep it Real!†Ã‚   These poets, though years ago, can certainly help them in that capacity.Works CitedDonne, John.   â€Å"Love’s Alchemy.†Ã‚   Luminarium.   Retrieved 8 February 2007 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/donne/alchemy.phpDryden, John. â€Å"Ah How Sweet it is to Love.† Bartleby.com.   Retrieved 8 February 2007 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.bartelby.org/101/400.htmlShakespeare, William.   â€Å"Sonnet 116.†Ã‚   Poets.org.   Retrieved 8 February 2007 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19398— . â€Å"Sonnet 130.†Ã‚   Poets.org.   Retrieved 8 February 2007 from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15557

Lithuania Eu Cultural Policy Area Essays

Lithuania Eu Cultural Policy Area Essays Lithuania Eu Cultural Policy Area Essay Lithuania Eu Cultural Policy Area Essay Lithuanian Cultural Policy and the European Union The cultural policy has been adopted by the European Union during the 1990s with the aim of creating a European identity which would bring the people of Europe closer and which would lead them to identify themselves as â€Å"Europeans†. On the other hand, the cultural policy adopted by the Union remained supplementary in its character as the member states did not want to lose their sovereignties, especially on such an issue that underlines the national identities, (Sassatelli, 436) As a result, the European cultural policy became one that respects and tries to protect the national cultures of the member states on the one hand, while it tries to create a European culture and identity on the other. In other words, the main aim of the European cultural policy is to create unity in diversity. Sassatelli, 30) Although it is supplementary in character and although the Union is not the decision maker in the cultural matters, the member states are expected to follow the cultural policy of the Union which suggests them to protect their national heritage, cooperate with other member states in cultural matters, to promote an inclusive national culture, to adopt a democratic, open and competitive national cultural policy. Lithu ania, which became a member of the European Union in 2004, had a different cultural policy understanding than the Union and its member states as it was a Communist country. With the end of Communism and with the aim of becoming a member of the European Union, Lithuania has changed its cultural policy and shaped the new policy according to the idea of cultural policy adopted by the Union; a competitive, inclusionary, and based on cooperation. European Union Cultural Policy The first steps towards the establishment of a cultural policy in the European Union were taken during the late 1970s, when the European Union was European Community. In the 1973 with the wave of enlargement and with the economic crisis the Community faced, the member states signed a Declaration of the European Identity. With the Declaration they stated that the member states of the Community share common attitudes and their aim is to build a society which gives priority to the individuals. (Bozoki, 2) The low turn out in the first direct elections for the European parliament made the Community to realize that there was a need to take measures for unification of peoples of Europe as it became obvious that economic integration alone would not lead to such thing. In 1984, the European Council set up a Committee for a People’s Europe. The main aim of the Committee was to take necessary measures to strengthen the European identity. The Committee produced two reports in both of which it was suggested to increase cooperation between the member states in the area of culture, information, and communication. The reports also argued for the development of cultural projects in the form of cultural exchanges, town twining schemes, and youth programs (Bozoki 3). However, the reports were away from proposing a common cultural policy. Another attempt to create a European cultural policy came in the mid 1980s when the Community was preparing itself to the Single European Act, which created the internal market. In 1985, the Delors Commission started to implement the proposals of the Committee for a People’s Europe. During the time the blue flag with twelve stars were adopted as the official flag of the Community. European passports, driving licenses were introduced together with the European postage stamps. (Bozoki, 3) The European Cultural Area was created with the aim of promoting educational exchanges, translation of literary works, and town twining schemes. Another program that was adopted during the time was the Cultural Capitals of Europe. The European Union has legalized its cultural policy with the Treaty of Maastricht, the treaty establishing the European Union, for the first time in 1991. The 151. Article of the treaty states â€Å"The Community shall contribute to the flowering of the cultures of the Member States, while respecting their national and regional diversity and at the same time bringing the common cultural heritage to the fore†. Bozoki, 4) The article on the Cultural Policy further suggests that â€Å"Cultural policy is governed by the principle of subsidiarity, with Community action is to be taken only if the objective cannot be achieved sufficiently by member states alone. Thus EU-level cultural policy is limited to encouraging cooperation between member states, and, if necessary supporting and supplementing their action†. (Bozoki, 4) According to the article the Union should take into consideration cu ltural compatibility when it implements cultural policies. The European Cultural Policy had three aims. The first one of these was to improve the knowledge of the culture and history of the Europe and its people. The second aim was to conserve the European cultural heritage and the last aim was to support the cultural exchange and artistic creation. In order to achieve these aims three cultural programs have been implemented by the Union between 1996 and 1999. The first one of these programs was â€Å"Kaleidoscope†. The aim of the program was to encourage artistic creation and promote cultural awareness among the peoples of Europe in the areas of creative arts, performing arts, and applied arts by means of exchange and cultural cooperation. Kouveliotis, 5) The second program was â€Å"Ariane†. It aimed to promote knowledge of European literary works through the means of translation. The objective of the program was to create awareness in the member states regarding the current literary art together with the current drama. (Kouveliotis, 6) The third program that implemente d in the 1997- 2000 period was â€Å"Raphael†. The aim of the program was to encourage cooperation among the member countries of the Union in the area of cultural heritage. Kouveliotis, 8) The program aimed to bring the common cultural to the fore while respecting the national diversities. The European Capital of Culture was another program that adopted by the European Union. The main objective of the program was to highlight the diversity and richness of European cultures and to promote greater mutual acquaintance between European citizens. (Kouveliotis, 10) Under the program starting from 2005, each year a city would be chosen as the European capital of culture. The objectives of the program were to highlight the artistic movements and styles shared by Europeans, to promote events involving people active in culture from other cities in the member states of the Union, to ensure mobilization and participation of large sections of population, to encourage reception of citizens of the European Union and to reach as wide an audience as possible by employing multimedia and multilingual approach, to promote dialogue between European cultures and other cultures in the world, to exploit the historic heritage, urban architecture, and quality of the city. Kouveliotis, 10) In the year 2000, the Union adopted Culture 2000 program under which all the three programs were merged. The Culture 2000 program aims to promote creativity and disseminate culture through support Europe wide cooperation between cultural organizations, institutions within and outside of the Union (Kouveliotis, 12). Under the program three types of activities were defined to be support ed. These are innovative activities, experimental actions of multiannual cultural cooperation, and cultural events with European dimension. Kouveliotis, 12) In 2007, Culture 2007 program was implemented by the Union for the period of 2007- 2013. (Dewey, 99) The main aim of the program is to focus on the mobility of artists and art works in order to enhance cultural cooperation in the Union. Lithuanian Cultural Policy Lithuania is one of the countries that faced transition from Communism to liberal democracy. Like all other policies the cultural policy of the country was also affected by that change in the regime. During the Soviet period the cultural policy of the country were under the control of the Communist Party (Council of Europel/ERICarts 2). In other words, the cultural policy of the country was under an ideological influence and control. The Soviet cultural policy and its administration were under the lines of strict command of the party. The cultural events and institutions were used by the party to legitimize Communism. The privileges were offered to the artists. In this way the artists were attracted to the ruling circles and they were prevented to produce artifacts criticizing the regime (Council of Europel/ERICarts 2). As a result of such policy implementation, democratic forms of cultural self government cannot be established in Lithuania. Lithuania was one of the post-Soviet era East European countries that applied European Union for full membership. Like all other candidate countries, Lithuania had to take the necessary steps in order to fulfill the criteria defined by the Union in order to become a member of the Union. The Maastrich criteria, which Lithuania was expected to fulfill, consist of three criterions. The first one of these is the political according to which every candidate country should adopt rule of law, respect minority rights, and stable democratic institutions. Varbanova, 54) The second criterion is the economic one. Under this criterion a candidate country should adopt a well functioning market economy and should be able to compete in the European market. (Varbanova, 54) The third criterion is the adoption of â€Å"acquis communautaire† and the last criterion is to have the capacity to fulfill the membership obligations. As far as the cultural policy during the accession process is concerned , the candidate countries are required to complete a questionnaire on the economic and public sectors which includes ulture and audio visual policy. (Varbanova, 54) The questionnaire includes legislation for protecting cultural heritage, legislation in the field of broadcasting, the national system for the support of artistic activities, professional training, and arts education. (Varbanova, 54) In this respect, Lithuania benefited from the European financial support schemes provided to candidate countries under the Culture Program, Structural Funds, and European initiatives to advance cultural cooperation. With the end of the Communist regime in 1989, a new era in the Lithuanian politics has started. The country turned its face to Europe and started to implement the necessary measures to be a liberal democracy. This process also affected the Lithuanian cultural policy. In the year of 1991, the Lithuanian government has adopted a new program called â€Å"Market†, Democracy Freedom which set a new direction of the Lithuanian cultural policy as the program included a specific objective which was the development of a â€Å"Lithuanian Cultural Model†. Dufton, 15) This new cultural model aimed to bring freedom of expression, democratic process and an arms length approach, according to which the policy making and policy implementation in the area of culture would be separated from each other. In other words, the new program brought decentralization to the Lithuanian cultural policy. On the other hand, throughout the 1990s the decisions taken regarding the cultural policy in Lith uania cannot be taken appropriately due to the some problems faced by the country. The first problem the country faced regarding the cultural policy was the lack of money as a result of which the projects could not be implemented. The second problem was the lack of local government tradition. The third problem was the exclusion of some sectors of the population from cultural activities and the fourth problem was the contradictions in the legislation. (Dufton, 18) The cultural activities which were financed by the central and local government generally were spent on the existing cultural institutions such as theaters, cinemas, libraries etc. As the number of the audiences and the performances decreased the burden of financing the cultural activities started to rest with the government. (Dufton, 19) The decision making process regarding the cultural policy was at the hands of the high executives. As a result, most of the important channels were cut off from the process, leading to disintegration in cultural services. (Dufton, 19) As the problems in the above mentioned areas continued to exist, Lithuania passed a law, Law on the Amendment of the Law on Local Self-Government, for the decentralization of the cultural policy making and implementation. The law provided the local governments the legal and administrative capacities to implement cultural policy according to the needs of their communities. Another development in the decentralization of cultural policy came in 2002, when the Lithuanian government adopted the Cultural Development Program of the Regions, with the aim to form the administrative, financial, legal and information basis for the development of regional culture (Council of Europel/ERICarts 10). In 2002, Lithuania adopted a document called â€Å"State’s Long Term Development Strategy† defining the aims of the Lithuanian cultural policy as â€Å"to preserve and promote common European cultural values and national identity, to warrant its prolongation, openness and competitiveness in contemporary Lithuanian, European and the World cultural context†. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 11) Furthermore, the new cultural policy aimed to guarantee participation in culture life of the Lithuanian society and consumption of culture. The cultural identity of the Lithuanian culture was defined as the use of national language, state protection of the ethnic culture, national heritage, and support national minorities living in Lithuania. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 12) Moreover, the cultural policy aimed to improve the administrative system on national heritage protection, expand the democracy in cultural life, to set the basic principles for state’s support to art and artists, to stimulate regional cultural development and cooperation of tourism and cultural institutions, and to develop the information society and access to culture. Council of Europel/ERICarts, 12) In this respect it can rightly be argued that the cultural policy adopted by Lithuania was in line with the cultural policy objectives of the Union. It aimed to promote European values as a part of the Lithuanian culture, to promote cooperation with other states regarding the cultural programs, to increase the participation of the Lithuanian soc iety in cultural programs and to promote the Lithuanian culture in such a way that all the different elements of the Lithuanian society would be reflected. Current Issues in Lithuanian Cultural Policy National minorities and their place in the Lithuanian cultural policy are some of the current issues in the Lithuanian cultural policy. Lithuania has been one of the first Central and Eastern European counties which passed the Law on National Minorities. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 13) Under this law the national minorities have the right to receive state support for fostering of their national culture. They have access to information and press in their native language and to establish cultural and educational organizations. Furthermore, the national minorities are given the right to organize cultural events in their native languages. Moreover, the minorities have the right to publish books and newspapers in their own languages. In addition to this, according of the Law of Education the educational institution should provide information on ethnic cultures into their curricula. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 13) In 2004 the Lithuanian government passed the Program of Integration of National Minorities into Society for the years 2005-2010 with the objectives of integrating national minorities into Lithuanian cultural life, preservation of ethnic identities of minorities, and development of coherent relationships with the minorities. Council of Europel/ERICarts, 14). The state and the municipalities provide financial support for the cultural organizations and events of the national minorities. As it is mentioned above another main objective of the Lithuanian Cultural Policy is to promote openness of the Lithuanian national culture through promoting Lithuanian culture abroad and to familiarize the local population with the culture of other nations. The regions where the national minorities lived as majorities have adopted special cultural programs and education programs. Council of Europel/ERICarts, 14) In addition to integrate the national minorities into the culture of Lithuania, these programs also aim to bring regional economic development to these areas. As it is mentioned above, one of the aims of the Lithuanian cultural policy is to bring equal access to the culture to everyone in the culture life of the country. The programs adopted by the government such as The Regional Culture Development Program and the Support to Young Artists Program brought measures to increase the participation to regional cultural events and to integrate the young artists into the cultural market. Council of Europel/ERICarts, 14) Although the state remained as the main supported of the above mentioned cultural programs, the private sector started to emerge as an important supporter and initiator of cultural events in Lithuania. Private sector in cooperation with NGOs implemented many social cohesion acts such as the Open Air Museum of the Centre of Europe, which also was included into the Culture 2000 Project of the Union. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 14) Artistic Parks in Nature: the Bridge for Teaching Contemporary Art in Schools was a project developed by the private sector and NGOs. It involved young people and professional artists from different countries. The project, Uzupio Respublika has been one of the important projects developed under the Lithuanian cultural policy. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 14). It was started by a group of young artists in 1990s. It became an important place for the cultural organizations such as festivals. Publications of books and film productions also have taken their places in the Lithuanian Cultural Policy. Translation of foreign books into Lithuanian language has become one of the priorities according to the cultural policy of the country. As far as the film production is concerned, the state plays an important role in the financial support. After the accession to the European Union the film producers started to cooperate with companies from other countries. The cultural heritage and its protection is one of the important areas under the Lithuanian cultural policy. In 1994 with a law passed by the government, the Law on the Basic National Security of Lithuania, cultural heritage became a national security object. (Council of Europel/ERICarts, 17- 18) During the last years the government has taken several steps in the area. Training programs for the protection of national heritage were implemented with the fund provided by World Heritage Fund. The protection of the heritage was also decentralized as the local authorities were given more funds for the protection of heritage. However, the insufficient funding remains as an important problem in the protection of heritage. Conclusion Lithuania has adapted its cultural policy according to the cultural policy aims of the European Union. The country has taken the necessary measures to protect its national culture, including the culture of the national minorities. It has developed and implemented programs in order to familiarize its society with the different cultural elements that existed within Lithuania. The country also developed cultural programs to promote the Lithuanian culture abroad and cooperated with other countries in this regard. Moreover, the country has also promoted the idea of protection of national heritage and has taken the necessary steps, despite some financial problems the policy regarding heritage works well. In 2009 Lithuania involved in the European Capital of Culture Project with Vilnius. In this regard, it can rightly be stated that the Lithuanian cultural policy has affected by the ideas promoted by the European cultural policy in the sense that Lithuania promoted a democratic national cultural policy, embracing the European identity and promoting the Lithuanian one. As far as the other side of the coin, the European cultural policy is concerned, it can be suggested that the Union’s cultural policy is not affected by the Lithuanian cultural policy. But as it is the case with other member states, Lithuanian cultural policy contributes to the development of the European culture and identity. With the adopted projects Lithuanian culture is known in other member states of the European Union and the European identity gains another component; Lithuanian. In other words, the programs promoted by the Union which are adopted and implemented by Lithuania enrich the European culture and identity. Bibliography Bozoki, Andras. Cultural Policy and Politics at European Union. Retrieved 01. 05. 2009, from â€Å"137. 204. 115. 130/activities/download/Bozoki/Cultural%20Policy%20and%20Politics%20in%20the%20Eu † Council of Europe/ERICarts: Compendium of Cultural Policies and Trends in Europe. 10th edition 2008. ttp://www. culturalpolicies. net/web/index. php Dewey, Patricia (Summer 2008) â€Å"Transnational Cultural Policymaking in the European Union. † The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society. vol 38. 2 (Summer 2008): 99- 118. EBSCO. Suna Kirac Lib. Koc U. http://0web. ebscohost. com. libunix. ku. edu. tr. Dufton, Bill. (1998) â€Å"Cultural Policy in Lithuanina. † Council of Europe. Cultural Development Policies in Member States. Retrieved 02. 05. 2009, coe. int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/Source/Policies/Reviews/CC-CULT(97)24B_EN. pdf Kouveliotis, Kyriakos. â€Å"The Impact of EU’s Cultural

Anatomy, Physiology and of the Integumentary and Lymphatic Systems In Essay

Anatomy, Physiology and of the Integumentary and Lymphatic Systems In Conjunction with the Immune System - Essay Example The inner core is keratin, while the outer layer is a single layer of overlaid flat cells (Gale, 2005, Hair section). All integumentary external cells, of nails, hair, and skin, are dead cells. This is because new cells are generated beneath the surface; this process pushes the dead cells towards the outside. This process is easiest to discuss through an anatomical dissection of the skin into it's three layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous layers. The epidermis is composed of multiple layers of epithelial cells, which are extremely flat and range from two extremes. The outermost layer is entirely dead and made entirely of keratin, which is tightly joined so as to be waterproof. The innermost layer, consists of basal and melanocyte cells: the former produces keratin; the latter, melanin. Beneath these layers lies the live cells of the dermis, which produces all of the accessory features, contain the nerve fibers and blood vessels, and is constructed of fibrous proteins of collagen combined with connective tissue. The dermis is much thicker than the epidermis and is anchored to the muscles by the subcutaneous layer (Gale, 2005, Epidermis and Dermis sections). Farabee ( 2001a) notes that "Skin functions include protection, regulation of body temperature, sensory reception, water balance, synthesis of vitamins and hormones, and absorption of materials." The external layer both prevents excessive water loss while allowing the body to cool itself via sweat glands and the process of evaporation. The glands contract when the body has cooled. Other glands secrete acidic solutions to the skin surface to prevent fungus growth. Sebaceous (oil) glands secrete a mixture of fatty proteins both through hair follicles and directly to the skin surface. These oils prevent the dead hair and skin cells from drying out, while simultaneously killing bacteria on the skin surface (Gale, 2005, Sebaceous glands section). The epidermal melanocytes help prevent harm from UV radiation by producing melanin - it is this pigment which gives the skin both it's coloring and it's ability to darken (Gale, 2005, Epidermis section). The dermis sends nutrients to the epidermis through extended capillaries into the basal cells called dermal papillae. The dermal papillae result in looped ridges on the outer surface, i.e. fingerprints and similar markings. The sweat glands of the dermis are divided into two categories: the eccrine and the apocrine (Gale, 2005, Dermis section). The first are the sweat gland found all over the body, the second refers particular sweat glands found in the armpit, groin, and nipple area. The apocrine are normally larger glands which empty out into hair follicles; their production attracts a bacteria which produces what is generally termed 'body odor'. The dermis layer also contains the hair follicles (attached to pili muscles), and sensory receptors, which communicate information of temperature or pressure to the brain, thus allowing the brain to process external information (Gale, 2005, Hair and Sensory Reception sections). The lymphatic system mimics the circulatory system: it is a system of tubes that spread throughout the body anywhere the blood is carried. Plasma from the blood washes

Entrepreneurship Virtual Simulation Experience Essay

Entrepreneurship Virtual Simulation Experience - Essay Example In addition, the plan includes the organizational and management structure, the sources of backup funds for the business in the case of bankruptcy, the business executive summary which shows the company’s missions and goals. The objectives of the enterprise include making profits while maintaining consumer ethics (Timm, Christensen & Blenker, 2014). The company description which provides what differentiates the business from others. Furthermore, the planning process includes marketing and sales strategies. It describes how the business plans to market itself plus its sales strategies. The core expectations include: Creating a Culture of Service to Colleagues and students, setting the standard for Trust, Honesty, and transparency. Developing staff and Nurturing Teamwork, Executing Strategies to Acquire Results, Decision Making and Accountability, Cultivating Scholarly and Cultural Assortment, Monetary Responsibility, Process Enhancement and Sustainability. Other expectations include Personal expectations are those expectations that the owner of the business expects from the enterprise. First and foremost, the business expects to make a profit from what it will sell to clients. Moreover, the trade plans to meet its current financial obligation in time (Timm, Christensen & Blenker, 2014). That is the business expects to be able to repay its loans and debts on time. The expectation that the company will grow over the following years is also significant. Besides the above expectations, the business anticipates that the foodstuffs and amenities that it will offer will gain popularity and obtain a wider market despite competition. Also, the owner of the company forestalls that everybody in the organization will be able to perform in a manner that will help the business grow and achieve its missions and objectives. Lastly, the business prospects that each employee will be fair-minded in providing quality work for a fair day’s wage. Customers