Gen 105

Selected reading: Name your selected reading and page numbers here Keys to Effective Learning: p. 193 (Ch. 7) SurveyDescribe the value of surveying the reading. By surveying the reading I was able to get an understanding of what the reading would be about. I was able to identify that the main focus would be on classical conditioning and the effects that it would have. I was able to look for key bold words in the reading. QuestionWhat questions did you ask as you were reading? I asked if there were other forms of classical conditioning that I could relate to.I also asked what other variations could have been used in the experiments I asked the definitions and examples of conditioned and unconditioned responses ReadHow did surveying and questioning help you read better? Surveying and questioning helped me to grasp the main idea of the reading before reading through the article. I was able to know what I would be reading about and what key words to look for without having read the artic le multiple times. This skill will be an asset with future reading requirements. ReciteHow did you decide what parts of your reading you needed to recite?I recited the questions that I initially asked myself and went over the words that I was unfamiliar with. I learn better by writing. After answering the questions, I wrote them down along with the answers. ReviewHow often do you plan to review? I will review material immediately after reading and then come back to it periodically to prevent from forgetting. Certain topics will not need to be reviewed as often as others. Wrap-up questions: How successful was the SQ3R process in helping you grasp the concepts in the section you selected? Will you use SQ3R in the future as a way to master the content in academic readings?The SQ3R process was very successful. I am not a strong reader and using these guidelines gave me a very good baseline to use with future readings and grow from. These steps will help build a foundation for upcoming c lasses. Looking at an entire chapter or book can be overwhelming but by using these steps, it makes the tasks at hand more manageable. I look forward to strengthening my reading ability by using the SQ3R process.References Carter, C. , Bishop, J. , & Kravits, S. L. (2011). Keys to Effective Learning: Study Skills and Habits for Success (6th ed. ). : Allyn & Bacon.

Research Project: Margaret Bourke-White Essay

Margaret Bourke – White, an American journalist photographer, was born in New York City on June 14, 1904. She was raised in a strict household. During her time in high school she became the yearbook editor and that is when she started showing her writing talent. Raised in a strict household, Bourke-White attended local public schools in Bound Brook, New Jersey, after her family moved there. In high school Bourke-White served as the yearbook editor and showed promise in her writing talents. After High school she kept on moving back and forth from the East to the Midwest, that was the reason why she attended several different universities. After tried out several different fields of studies, she discovered photography and decided to continue her education in this field. She received her bachelor’s degree in 1927. After her graduation she opened a studio in Cleveland, Ohio. At first she specialized in architectural photography, that was when she started taking pictures of the Otis Steel factory. Her work resulted to be some of the best steel factory pictures of that era, and these earned her national attention, by the publisher Henry Luce in Time magazine. Bourke-White became the associate editor and staff photographer of Fortune magazine, from 1929 till 1935. During that time she became the first western photographer who was allowed to document the Soviet Industry through photographs. That was a trigger to make her think about her work, from taking photographs for advertising, which was very profitable. She changed her perception on photography; she discovered how it is more of a powerful tool used to inform and influence the people, than an artistic medium. In 1937 she started working on a photo essay with Erskine Caldwell, whom she later on married in 1936, on revealing the social conditions in South America. Together they published a book, ‘You Have Seen Their Faces’ with their work from the photo essay, which became her best-known book. Never the less, this photo essay was one of the reasons why she was hired in Life magazine. During her time in Life magazine she composed her most famous single photograph, while covering the Louisville flood. Being a photographer doesn’t only mean taking photographs, but it’s to live and experience what you as a photographer are trying to show the world. It could be very dangerous and you will face a lot of obstacles. Bourke-White had no fear, all she cared about is to document and show the world what was happening. She was the first female photographer to document what was happening during the World War 2, and who was allowed  to work in the combat zones. She went was in Russia during the time Germany boomed Moscow for the first time, and that was when she decided to become a war correspondent. Of course this made her see horrors, which she could have never dreamt of seeing. At first she kept on going back and forth between the US Army Forces on the front lines of North Africa and Italy. During that time She experienced a torpedo attack on a ship she was taking to North Africa. This did not make her change her mind on covering the war, even after the fire she repeatedly came under in Italy in areas of fierce fighting. Her photos showed emotions and revealed the horrors to the war. There we two photographs she took during the war that had a great effect on the American population. The first one was a photo she took in Buchenwald camp, which was published in TIME magazine in 1945. Buchenwald camp was a concentration camp, where thousands of Jews were taken hostage and killed. Margaret was able to take a picture of the Jewish corpses that were piled on top of each other. It was a shocking picture that showed the suffering of the Jews and the cruelty of Nazi German. The second picture showed a Nazi mother who is covering both of her children with a white cloth. The story behind this picture is more shocking that what we saw. This mother killed her children after her husband was killed during the war, and then she ended up committing suicide. After the war was over Bourke White went back to documenting about humanitarian issues, which lead her to India. Two years after the Second World War, partition problems occurred between India and Pakistan that ended to be very violent. She was very keen to record all these horror to show to the world. She took photographs of dead victims with open eyes, streets filled with corpses and refugees with vacant eyes. These pictures touched a lot of people, some of them were displayed at â€Å"the posh shopping center Khan Market† in Delhi, India, and sixty-six of them were added in 2006 in a republished book called, ‘Train to Pakistan’. During her time in India, Bourke White took this chance to go photograph and interview Mohandas K. Gandhi. A lot of people regard her as being very lucky to have taken this interview, because a couple of hours after she left him he was assassinated. Her next destination was South Africa; she spent five month there documenting the unfair social and political treatment of black people and the cruelty of apartheid. After that she decided to fly to South Korea  to document the war that was going on during that time. Unfortunately that was her last trip, she discovered that she had the Parkinson’s disease, in 1956. She didn’t give up and fought back. She started working on her autobiography, Portrait of Myself that was published in 1963. She then died in 1971, due to her illness. Margaret was a strong and determined woman. She didn’t only play a big role in changing the people’s perspectives on the sufferings and problems that were around the world and the reality of things, but also how a woman can do a mans job. This wasn’t something common at that time. She has proved to the world that women can do everything, no matter how hard it is and her work reflected that. She crossed all barriers to make history and became well known around the world.

Case Treetop Forest Products Essay Example for Free

Case Treetop Forest Products Essay Identification (20%) Facts, assumptions and problem identification Building-grade lumber industry is competitive and product being sold is not differential; only differentiation is due to product packaging and presentation. Product packaging is biggest factor when buyers are making a purchasing decision between buying from Treetop or competitors. Over the last 2 years, Treetop has declined in ratings for package of lumber products as a result lost customers to competitors . Treetop has six departments: boom, sawmill, planer, packaging, shipping, and maintenance. All other departments have a supervisor; however, packaging department does not have one designated supervisor. Possible solution is to convert one of the workers to supervisor, or dedicate a supervisor 100% of the time to packaging To solve the issue supervisor from sawmill and planer deparments cover the shifts. Due to distance between sawmill and planing divisions, the supervisors are unable given full attention to the operations of the packaging division. (assumption) Distance cause the supervisor to visit the departments not as often as they should. Productivity in 3 divisions remained constant, Sawmill and planing division productivity increased; however, productivity decreased in packaging department and caused the following: Stockpile up Risk of damaged stock increased the inventory cost Cost Competitiveness suffered due to management placing additional employees from other divisions to solve the backlog issue faced by packaging department. Packaging department run two shifts – morning and afternoon Productivity level of afternoon shifts is less than morning shift employees Reason behind the decreased in productivity level in the department is due to following: Employees takes extended lunch and coffee breaks Leave few min early, specially afternoon shift Reallocation of temporary employees from different productive departments also follow the same practise after being in the packaging department for few days. Based on the case facts, organizational effectiveness and productivity is being effected by the in place practises of Packaging  Department. Following two major problems should be resolved to overcome the issues faced by Treetop: Packaging department’s employees are effecting the working habits of other department employees. Department wide meeting communicating the company values, performance issues of packaging department, statististics proving decline in packaging, and initiatives to stop extended lunches, coffee breaks, leaving few minutes early especially in afternoon shift Produce daily backlog reports showing increase in backlog and spoilage statistics. Use negative consequences (firing), within union contract. and positive rewards based on production and quality targets being met. Methods and implementation of rewards can be determined by using Nominal Group Technique (variation of brain storming)- 1)silently and independently document their ideas, 2)collectively describe ideas to other team members without critique, and 3)silently ad independently evaluate the ideas presented Packaging division does not have a supervisor to oversee the operation on daily bases. This needs to change immediately. If costs can’t be justified, perhaps  ½ time position added, that also is in production the other half , or Bal The packaging department is mostly at fault for majority of the Treetop Forest Productions Ltd recent decline of organisational success, not only are the packaging employees at fault, but also management for not monitoring the situation more effectively. It’s vital for Treetop Forest Products to improve and maintain their competitive edge within the building grade timber industry to ensure future success of the organisation. If solutions are not implemented immediately, the success of the organisation will continue to decline, placing Treetop Forest Productions Ltd in an unfavourable position where recovery may be implausible. Tackling the major issues illustrated within the packaging department will commence a strong positive path towards the future success of the organisation, placing them in a competitive position once again. There are possible solutions that can assist with effectively and efficiently dealing with this issue. Firstly, supervision and leadership needs a major  improvement within the packaging sector. As illustrated within all other fully supervised departments, work is completed efficiently and to a high quality standard. By providing packaging employees with the same supervision and leadership, near guarantees a positive change within the packaging department. Employing a leader with a with a transformational approach to leadership concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards and long term goals will help to improve the work ethic within the packaging department. A supervisor with transformational leadership involves an exceptional form of influence that moves followers to accomplish more that what is usually expected of them. Furthermore, by introducing a new leader, costs will decrease due to supervised workers and the decrease of overtime; it can be implemented quickly, improv e productivity and increase the equity of work. As also explained within the issues of the packaging department, there is a lack of employee motivation. This is demonstrated through the low quality of work produced, longer breaks and early finishing times. Its important for managers to understand that each and every individual employee will have a set of drives, needs, decisions and behaviours to be motivated. By following the below diagram, Treetop Forest Products managers can use this to understand different emotional responses and resulting needs in the same situation. promote group cohesiveness and a pleasant working environment. In the short term, upper management could host a meeting or assembly between all departments to make them feel interrelated and important to the company. This could be a great motivation for the employees. In the long term, group evaluations could be necessary to measure the group’s performance and to see if the actions taken are resolving the problems. supervisor of the department. Learned Needs Theory: The Learned Needs Theory has three â€Å"learned needs† that can be defined as the â€Å"Need for Achievement†, â€Å"Need for Power†, and the â€Å"Need for Affiliation†. A need is amplified or suppressed through self-concept, social norms, and past  experiences (Internet Center for Management and Business Administration, Inc., 2002), although needs can also be learned through training whether it be strengthening or weakening the need. The members of the packaging department could have been more aware of their needs whether it is affiliation, power, or achievement and if they were more aware of what was there, there could have been more motivation on the part of the members to excel. Also, with the appointment of an actual supervisor, instead of taking them from other departments, it could have ensured that these needs be amplified through some forms of friendly competition or rewards. The â€Å"Need for Power† is stated as the need to make an impact on others, influence others, change people or events, and make a difference in life. If this need was taught to the members of the packaging department by the supervisors of the other departments, there could be a chance someone internally would strive so much for the need of power that he or she would emerge as the leader in a department with a declining productivity level. Having the ability to control others is a very powerful characteristic which everyone strives for internally, so if this need was brought forward by executives there would be an increase in competition and drive between the members to claim that position of hierarchy in the department. The â€Å"Need for Achievement† is the need and desire for excellence, competition, challenging goals, and overcoming difficulties. With the simple action as a reward put forth throughout the company internally that the employees of each section could enjoy, it could ignite an employee’s need for achievement and desire for excellence which in turn could ignite the competition in every employee to achieve success like his or her fellow employee has. People strive for recognition and success and if this need was amplified in the employees who have made it clear that they want to enjoy the benefits that come from a high productivity level, and brought out of those who believe that they don’t need success, Treetop Forest Products could internally enjoy success of their own making their business profit at its maximum rate. The â€Å"Need for Affiliation† is defined as the need for individuals maintain close, intimate relationships, or approval of other people. If Treetop Forest Products could bring out this need in the packaging department by showing them how the other departments in the company get along which in turn brings the productivity level up within the  department. Although, the employees of the packaging do well of getting along with each other by performing bad habits such as leaving early or extending their breaks, if that could be  transformed through the training of good habits such as exceeding expected productivity levels and working hard, the affiliation that is present now could be that much stronger and emphasized in the department. Also, in addition to affiliation within the department, there is also the possibility with the rise of productivity level and affiliation within the The team has strong cohesion, but needs to be turned around. (employees transferred are confor ming to the team norms of lack of punctuality)† Norms are the informal rules and shared expectations that groups establish to regulate the bahavour of their members.† Padge 225 chapter 8 Canadian Org Behaviour . It has to be set as a rethink to the department and communicating the new norms and aligning the norms with the company goals and objectives is critical. Through these simple needs that can be taught or learned, Treetop Forest Products could experience not only success from their five already successful departments but from the packaging department as well. If amplified the packaging department would benefit from the affiliation they would gain from the other departments, the power that employees could possibly gain with the increase of productivity via promotions or recognition, and the rewards that the employees of the packaging could gain through increased productivity levels. If Treetop Forest Products were to implicate these two simple theories there is a possibility that the packaging department would no longer be a harmful unit but instead an asset that Treetop can rely on. Through the Situational Leadership Theory, Treetop has the opportunity to find a leader that can adapt to the group and individuals and convert the now declining productivity level of the packaging department to an increasing level of productivity like the f ive other departments in the company. With the Learned Needs Theory, Treetop has the ability to install the needs for achievement, power, and affiliation to the packaging department to encourage friendly competition between the employees while still steadily increasing the productivity levels of the  department. Conclusion: Treetop Forest Products and Westboard Co have been suffering the consequences of the lackluster performance from their packaging department since there is no authority figure to keep the employees on task and working hard to produce sellable products for Westboard. With the packaging department not having their own supervisor, Treetop has appointed the supervisors of the sawmill and planing department as the supervisors of the packaging department during their shifts. With the packaging department being in a different location then the sawmill and planing department, it has caused the supervisors to make the packaging department an afterthought and with the productivity levels of the packaging department decreasing it has shown. After evaluating the case of Treetop Forest Product and the issues with their packaging department, they have been using the Contingency Theory which states that there is no one best way of leading and that a leadership style that is effective in some situations may not be successful in others and that while a leader may be very effective at one place and point in time may become unsuccessful either when transplanted to another situation or when factors around t hem change. This was clear in the case of Treetop Forest Product’s case because  although the leaders were very effective with their own departments, increasing the productivity levels of their respective departments, when transferred over to the packaging department their effectiveness did not follow. Each leader has their own key characteristics that play a major part in how they lead, whether it is their personality, drive, emotional intelligence, self-concept, etc. so what may be high and effective in one leader and his or her department may not be high and effective in a different department’s leader. Since the sawmill and planing departments were so successful when implanted into a failing department, the situation as well as the effectiveness of the leader changed. Instead of the Contingency Theory, there were others that if Treetop were to implement it could have made the productivity level of the packaging department go up while creating a better atmosphere within the company. If Treetop were to take the leader who was most able to conform his or her leadership style to that of the packaging department instead of just taking the top two  departments supervisors without considering the important variables such as distance and drive, Treetop could have improved the situation within the packaging department. With these simple changes to the company, Treetop could have quite easily changed the atmosphere and effectiveness of the packaging department to better the profits and trust gained from Westboard. If Treetop were to dedicate an individual supervisor based on performance and authoritative qualities within the department instead of having an external employee take on the responsibility of turning the packaging department around, the chances of increasing the productivity level of the packaging department would increase which would not only benefit the department but Treetop Forest Products and Westboard Co. respectively. Case Treetop Forest Products. (2016, Sep 15).

Sales - fairmont royal York Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sales - fairmont royal York - Assignment Example rom this above provided list of services one can appropriately understand about the types of services along with the level of quality that this hotel chain has to provide with the prime intention of retaining its market presence. Appropriate provision of all these services also requires the availability of trained staff members the details regarding, which has been mentioned in the later sub parts (FRHIb, 2014). Appropriate maintenance of a large hospitality chain such as ‘Fairmont Royal York’ requires the presence of highly efficient staff members who should be capable of catering to every specific hospitality requirement of the clients. Likewise, the sales personals associated with this hospitality chain should also have to evaluate and quantifiably analyze the expectation of the customers while rendering the services to them. Embedded steps within the entire customer convincing procedures, include the imparting precise knowledge to the customers regarding all the services that have been structured by the Fairmont Royal York. The sales personals should also provide the customers with appropriate suggestion regarding which packages they should be choosing. An instance in this context can be provided by taking reference of the variety of accommodation packages being provided by this hotel chain. In this context, the sales personal might take assistance of the ecommerce website of this hospitality chain for clarifying all the possible confusions of the customers. Regardless of tall these, the sales personals associated with this hotel should also have the capability of analyzing the pre-existent market information regarding other similar types of hospitality chains through which they can impart better developmental suggestion towards ‘Fairmont Royal York’ (FRHIc, 2014). Rather than just concentrating on a single emergent or matured product, this hospitality chain endorses a variety of emergent and well established services upon which the strategies related

The Battle of New Orleans Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Battle of New Orleans - Coursework Example The British had elaborated on the attack plan including three major offensives: hitting Washington, New Orleans and striking the US forces from Canada (Hickman). Thus, for the US, the battle was generally preconditioned by the necessity to defend the strategically important city. The British, in their turn, planned to establish control of New Orleans and separate Louisiana from the rest of the US (history.com).   As a result, American armed forces have managed to maintain control over the city with minimal losses compared to Britain’s casualties. The defense of the city organized by Jackson had proved to be strong enough not to let the British penetrate the territory. What is peculiar about the Battle of New Orleans is that it took place already after signing of Ghent peace agreement which took place in Belgium on the 24th of December. However, this information hadn’t reached the warring parties on the American continent by the time the battle started. In accordance with this peculiarity, one could state the battle to be of no use at it took place when America and Britain had already settled their differences. Nevertheless, taking into account the brilliant victory of American army followed by the full withdrawal of British troops, we can claim the battle to be of great significance for strengthening position and potential of the United States on the international stage.   

Environmental issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environmental issue - Essay Example These inventions have resulted to overexploitation of the environment leading it to degrade at a great speed, posing environmental discomfort. One of the most common issues of the environment include those which are related to climatic changes which are experienced by different people within their different environment. Climatic changes have contributed to unnecessary stress on the environment while people seek to establish themselves in their areas of residence. In view of this, governments have been forced to look for means and ways to minimise environmental degradation and in the USA and other developed nations this dates back to 1970 when environmental states were created (Pisupati, 2008 p12). In analysing the problem of the environment, there are several perspectives that can be used and in our case, we will use the administrative rationalism versus market based perspectives. When the economy is left to be controlled by the free forces of the market it is bound to collapse as wi th the great depression that lasted from 1929 to 1943, and with the market environmental degradation is bound to happen since environment is viewed as a common good hence the idea of â€Å"tragedy of the commons† come along (Robb, & Colorado General Assembly, 2009). Administrative rationalism

Sensory Perceptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sensory Perceptions - Essay Example For instance, an individual perceives that it is cold since the sky is gray and trees are being swayed by the strong wind. The interpretation that the temperature is cool is coherent with the surroundings’ state. Information is also believed to be accurate when the cause and effect add up. For example, a person believes that he heard a loud sound when he hit a drum. Facts supported by research aids in making sensory information believable. For instance, it is reasonable to feel cold even if the weather is warm if one has fever. This is caused by the body’s signals to the brain (hypothalamus) to raise the temperature to kill unwanted foreign bodies. Since the temperature becomes lower than the set point, the hypothalamus sends the message that it feels cold. Even if the perception is not consistent with the environment, it can still be explained by medical facts. Three factors that can affect the accuracy of sensory information are: cognition capability and information source, reliability of stimuli, and the brain’s interpretation of the stimuli (Goldstein, 2009). Firstly, the five senses serve as the receptors for data. These data are then sent to the brain via neural pathways for perception. The accuracy of both sensation and perception affects the quality of the sensory information. Secondly, the more dependable and consistent the facts observed, the more accurate the sensory perception will be. Thirdly, the brain must be in good physical shape to be able to function properly. Nature and nurture have always affected the existence of beings (Myers, 2009). These two forces also have significance in the assessment of sensory data. The human body’s development is affected by the elements around it like time, temperature, and food. Inherited traits such as physical attributes, allergies, and diseases are likewise essential in determining one’s existence. Considered under nature are some atypical conditions of the nervous system that are not proven to

The number of migrants in the world has more than doubled since 1975 Essay

The number of migrants in the world has more than doubled since 1975. Discuss, with specific reference to UK - Essay Example Moreover, according to reports from the Office of National Statistics the net migration into UK was roughly 189,000 between mid-2005 and mid-2006. Also, the overall migration in to the UK since 1994 has been estimated to be in excess of 2 million people. These staggering figures all point to the fact that the negative net migration is contributing hugely to the population expansion in UK. There are numerous reasons for this. One view claims that this is a direct consequence of the respective immigration policies in the UK and outside it and is hence a consequence of a choice made by the policymakers. However, migration demographics gathered from other countries seems to contradict this theory and suggest that in addition to the UK immigration policy, this is more due to the economic forces working silently behind the scenes.1 Hatton summarizes in his paper that relative income, immigration policy and inequality all have a role to play in the inducement to migrate to or from UK. However, he wraps up his paper by saying that patterns of unemployment and relative income have a comparatively smaller impact on the migration of UK when compared to UK inequality and relative policy disparities between UK and rest of the Europe in specific and rest of the world in general. This has huge implications on the UK economy and on UK as a whole. ... the high net migration but also because of increasing life expectance and fertility), a city the size of Birmingham must be constructed every two and a half years in order to meet the growing needs!' Apart from the obvious problems of over-population and lack of space in the society, a huge negative immigration can have many other consequences to the common Britisher. Sir Andrew Green, the Chairman of Migration Watch UK said on the November 4th, 2007 edition of The Sunday Times; 'Failure to act now will mean that our society will be changed beyond recognition - and especially our cities. London is one-third immigrant and half of all babies born there have a foreign parent. Other large cities will follow. According to one academic study, the ethnic community in Britain will grow from 9% to 29% by mid-century. There is every reason for concern. The Commission for Racial Equality's final report spoke frankly about growing segregation and of our society "fracturing", with bonds of solidarity across different groups weakening, and tensions between people increasing. These are serious warnings. The Commission Racial Equality was in denial about the role of mass immigration in all this but the rest of us can see it clearly.' (Sir Green A., 2007, Sunday Times). Putting this fact aside too, other problems such as the cheaper immigrant labor being absorbed into the workforce while one million (according to independent studies) laborers who would like to work but cannot do so because certain laborers are charging below the market rate for their services emerge. However, it is apparent that there must be certain advantages of having a high number of immigrants into the economy. For example, the injection of foreigners into the economy means that they can do those things which

Gun control policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gun control policy - Essay Example The government should control the usage of guns; license policy for guns should be strictly implemented. Drug addicts, mentally challenged people etc are the fundamental reasons to control the usage of guns. Gun Control policies: The production and licensing of the Guns should be controlled: Usually governments use to increase the budgets for the purpose of buying weapons and for defense purpose. The main motive of that policy is to ensure the defense and security of the country. But they are forgetting the main facts, these weapons could be misused by criminals, terrorists etc. For example, we can take the situation in United States. â€Å"A school going kid brings gun to school, and he showed his friends† (The Messenger-Gazette 2011). Some kids tried to sell the gun inside the school compound. This is the best instance showing us that the guns and fire arms are reaching in the wrong hands. Proper licensing and strict laws should be implemented to prevent this danger situatio n. In countries like Pakistan, there are Gun selling streets and shops; anybody can buy guns and other weapons from those shops with out license. â€Å"The market is made up of a warren of small barren brick factories; where upwards of 1,000 guns are manufactured every day, mostly by hand† (Pasternack 2011). All this would lead to dangerous situation and uncertainty. The government should take maximum effort to control the manufacturing and buying of guns.

Summary 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary 3 - Essay Example Effectively, this gives the teachers, students, and stakeholders in these systems little faith that conditions will improve. The article represents challenges in school districts after a study conducted by The Broad Foundation. The study identified 75 challenges that explain three phenomena that affect the public schools system. In the first phenomena, the article provides fifteen challenges that explain the reasons why resources failed to reach the classroom. These include, ineffective monitoring of expenses, unnecessary duplication of resources, overspending in construction maintenance, poor communication within the organization, slow central office systems, severe budget cuts, and many other examples. Secondly, the challenges explain the reasons that contribute to teacher’s failure to receive the support that they required to play their roles effectively. These challenges include the lack of access to proven interventions for struggling students, practices to grow professionally, challenging curriculum and technology. Conversely, the bar for teaching and learning is also low while teachers also lack adequate information on students’ progress, and many other challenges. The challenges identify challenges that go forth to explain why policies and procedures failed to allow the school system to pursue its mission. For instance, stagnation of the status quo for adults, inconsistency in orders from above, differences in scientific research in educational disciplines, the lack of strategic plans, and other challenges contributing to this phenomenon. In conclusion, the article identifies the importance of transforming the public school system in order to ensure that American students competed with other students academically. Importantly, the article identifies the importance of collaborative efforts in eliminating these challenges in order to eliminate bureaucracy and enhance the process of

A personalised induction will always be more affective Essay Example for Free

A personalised induction will always be more affective Essay A personalised induction will always be more affective Discuss. Base your answers on theoretical concepts and techniques presented in class This essay will assess the usefulness of personalised inductions in hpnotherapy sessions. As well as taking a look at when a personalised screed is not needed and the many ways there are to assess which style of screed will be most affective. The main body of this essay will focus on the evidence both for and agisnt a personlised screed and attempt to provide a conhertent argument with which the reader can make up their own mind. A hypnotic intuction is the tool used by hypnotherypists in order to aid their clients in achieveing a trance state, it is known that this is harder for some clients to achieve then others, it is generaly accepted that some clients find it almost impossible to reach a trance state through hypnosis (Boys and Karle 2010), the majority of clients are however able to achieve light trance states and deeper. The simple fact that some clients find it easier to achieve hypnosis then other highlights the potential need for personalised inductions, every body is different, we all have different likes and dislikes, personalities and indeed life experiences that make us more responsive to different ques. When in a session with a client the words we use to produce a trance state are vary importent, more so then in a regular conversation, this is due to the fact that the client generally has their eyes closed and is therefore cut off from a great deal of the everyday comunication ques that aid in understanding each other. Body language is considered to make up 55% of human comunication with tone and volume making up 38% and words come in last making up just 7% of comunication. With words making up such a small percentage of how we comunicate with each other, the need for a personalised induction could be seen as vital, a way of taloring the words used so they have more meaning to the client and therefore much more impact. Two of the main types of induction are authoritarian and permissive, they are both vary different and have been shown to be effective in vary different situations with various clients. The authoritarian approch is vary direct and to the point, with the hypnotist playing the role of the authority figure, (Hadley and Staudacher 1996), it is believed that clients that respond best to this style are the ones that respone well to authroity figures in real life, people with a scientific backgrouds tend to respond  well, this style is effective on conditions such as anaxity, it is believed that problems such as this are often caused by an authortain figure in childhood and therefore need another authoratians figure in order to relieve the problem. On the other hand submissive styles tend to invovle the client and therpist as equals, a softer voice is often used and suggestion are offered rather then comands. The use of more guided imagery allows these inductions to be further personlised to suit the clients needs. more imaginative clients respond well to this style and it is perticulary valuabl in aiding clients that wish to achieve certain goals. The fact that these tw o different styles of inducton have been seen to be more affective on different clients and in different situations is strong eviedence for the need for personalised induction. The age of the client also affects which type of style that is used, it could be arued that children, who reach a peak point of suggestablity at around the age of ten(Boys and Karle 2001) may be more responsive to a permissive style due to the fact that choldren tend to be more imaginative then older clients. At the other end of the spectrum suggestablity declines with age so a more authertrian style may be more effective with an older client, it may also be in part to the fact that socialty was different when an older client was growing up with more importence and respect given to people with power and i higher inclination toward conformity (milgram, 1963). A futher way in which it has been therorised to personalise screeds is to use words that are assoiated with the clients modality. There are three main modalities, kinaesthetic, visual and autitory. Kinaesthetic clients are often vary in tune with their feelings and indeed the feelings of others, they enjoy phyical activity and fo r the purposes of hypnotic induction respond better to words that decribe feelings and touching things. It has been observered that poeple with this modality will show a prefence for texture and temperature words. Visual clients tend to be vary imaginative and have a tendency to daydream, they are more concerned with how things look, and for the purposes of hypnotic induction find it easier to visualise things. They use a lot of colour references. Lasty autitory clients are vary in tune with music and speech, anything that can be listened to, they tend to respond to words that relate to music and speech, such as listen and harmony. personalising introductions to suit modalities is a vital tool in aiding clients in their journey into  hypnotic trance, the use of words that relate to the clients primary modality enable them to feel more safe and in control and allow them to more easiely facilitate themsevles in their session, purly due to the fact that the words choosen are ones they relate to more strongly. this is again strong eviendence for the need and power of personalised inductions. However it will now be considered if a personalised induction is always needed or fact sometimes not poss ible. The type of suggestion used is also a way of personalising a screed in order to suit a client. the are two types of suggestion available, the direct suggestion, which is short and too the point and given as more of a comand. This type of suggestion works better with the above mentioned authoritarian induction due to the fact that in these inducton the therpist is seen more as the authority figure and the client is more likley to respond possitivly by doing what the therpist asks. Indirct suggestion are more symbolic and are more suited for the more imagintive clients, they have been found to be vary usefull when resistence is present as they have a way of seeping into the subcousous symbolically, which the subcounsous responds vary well to. One of the most obvious instences when a less personalised induction is needed is during group therapy. this is not desirable for numerous reasons. As we discussed before everybody is different so what may be effective for one client may leave ano ther less then impressed and unable to achieve a satifacory trance state. In these instences a more general induction is required. inductions that are aimed at changing a habbit, such as quit smoking indutions are also more often then not best if they are not personaliesd, this could be due to the fact that changing a habbit is vary differcult work that may require a vary deep trance and often an authorative induction. Another time when a personlised induction is not needed would be for the purposes of hypnosis cds and Tv shows, again this is due to the fact that the hypnotheripist has no contact with the client and is therefore unable to construct a induction that is personalised for them. in the case of TV shows the hypnotist is talking to thousands of people at once, this brings about a need to create an induction that is extreamly general so as to hypnotise the most members of the audience at once. However it could be considered that a kineasthetic induction could be used as this is the modality that the majorty of people have a perference towards, and may well lead to a deeper trance for people  with this modality. is it better to spread word of mouth and gain popularity and notariatly though sucessfully hypnoting more people lightly or less people more sucessfully. There are also a number of induction available in which no verbal comunication are used. these so called non verble hypnotic in duction involve enabling the client into an hypnotic trance through the use of a seris of progressivly changes in posture, with the hypnotherapist moving around the room in front of the client. In order to bring the client back up from this trance the movements are simply reversed, many people claim that these types of inductions are quite effective. it is clear that the used of inductions such as these would not need to be personalised as no words are used, although the positions may need to be altered and it is possible that with certain clients that have a tendenciy to be less suggestable a longer seires of postures may be needed in order to achieve the desired level of trance. this type of induction may be vary usefull when dealing with clients that are hard of hearing or indeed deaf. However it must be considered that this induction could be more affective with clients that are more inclined to the visual modaltiy, and in such the cases the use of a non verble induction could be how the therapist has personalised the induction to suit the clients needs in order to achieve the best state possible in order to faciltate the clients goal. It should be noted that this is always the main aim of hypnotic induction, so the client recieves the best therapy the therpist can offer. In many of the stage shows and TV programs that featur e hypnosis the use of non verble hypnosis is often shown. This is often due to the fact that the perticipants have already been vetted and shown to be highly suggestive, so again this use of non verbal hypnosis could be used highly effectively with suggestable clients. It has become clear that the use of personalised inductions is vast and far reaching. It is also clear that in many cases the use of an induction that has been designed to cater for the clients personality, age, stage in treatment, modality and affliction is indeed a vary important and valuable tool in therapy and can aid in the depth of trance, enjoyment of hypnosis session and overall outcome. However on the other hand it can not be denined that this is not alway needed or indeed possible, group therpy sessions, treatment for addictions and pre recorded hypnotherpy sessions all benifit from a more general induction, however it should be pointed out that the  need for a more general induction is not due to the fact that this type of induction is more affective, more due to the fact that it is not plusable to hypnotise so many different people using a personalised induction at one time. In fact in many cases it could be argued that personalised induction may be more affective, on the flip side the use of group therapy has also been shown to be a valuable tool in the recovery of many disorders, which is more benifial, the personalised induction or the good consil that can be achieved with a group of people with similar problems as your own. It would also be important to note that at the start of a therapists career there will most likly be a perfence of the therapist towards a ccertian a style of induction, this may mean that they use a style that is less personalised and not nessacellaly the best for the client, however confidence is key with hypnotic induction so although the therapist should always indevour to use the best induction it may be more benifial for them to use the style they are most comfortable with. In conclution a personalised induction is the more affective choice in a wide range of cases, particalary in cases when therapy is likey to be more lengthy. however there are indeed times when a more generalised induction is the most effective route. it should be highlighted that both personalised and general inductions are a choice that is made by the client with the intention of delivering the best therapy possible, in this way even a decision to use a general induction could be considered a personalised chioce due to the fact that this is the route that the therapist deems best to take. In short a personalised induction is the most effective method in the vast majority of cases, however there are instences when this is not the case.

Plato, Descartes, and The Matrix Essay Example for Free

Plato, Descartes, and The Matrix Essay Consider this, Is what we believe to be real and true real and true? In the movie The Matrix, Neo is a computer programer by day and hacker by night. He senses that something is wrong with the world but insists what he know he feels. When he dreams, he isn’t sure if it was real or just a dream just as Descartes believes he cannot trust his senses to tell him whether or not he is still dreaming. Neo meets with Morpheus and Morpheus gives Neo the option of knowing the truth. According to Morpheus the world isn’t real, it is an illusion and offers Neo a life altering choice. To take a pill that will give him the truth. The truth Morpheus refers to is that the world Neo believes in is just an illusion. What Neo perceives as real by his senses is nothing more than a computer generating ideas in his head without any real experiences. Morpheus gives Neo the option of continuing to live his life in the shadows and the way he perceives it or to see the light and the truth. This closely resembles the allegory of the cave by Pluto. Plato invites us to imagine humans being held prisoners, with no freedom to move or see except what is directly in front of them in the form of shadows. This is the prisoners reality. This is what they come to believe is real. When in-fact there is another world just beyond their reality. It is only after one prisoner escapes the shackles and chains and finds that the actual world is not just shadows but a world with the light of the sun. The prisoner has difficulty adjusting his eyes to the brightness, but eventually does. This experience parallels to what Neo experiences. Descartes poses the questions in his work Meditations of First Philosophy, 1961, of how we cannot for certain that the world he experiences isn’t not the product of an illusion forced upon him by an evil demon. He questions what he believes is real because of what he sees and feels while dreaming and therefore can’t trust his senses to tell him if 2he is still dreaming. When Neo accepts the â€Å"red pill† and his perception of his life slips away when he realizes that the human race is held in containers, unconscious, with a computer generating their thoughts and experiences. Humans invented Artificial Intelligence and in turn the AI took over mankind and enslaved them using them for the energy they required to stay ‘alive’. Neo realizes what Descartes proposed, that Neo’s life was just controlled by an evil demon, the Matrix. But Descartes went on to argue the existence of God, saying a Good God would not let an evil demon control us. Neo struggles with this new truth because he didn’t believe in fate because he didn’t like the idea he wasn’t in control of life. Neo life as he knew it is gone, and he is faced with the new reality and he struggles with the different emotions first of shock, fear and disbelief and then acceptance. He joins the group of dissidents to help others see the truth and reality of life. Knowing the truth doesn’t necessarily ‘set you free’ as we find out. A fellow dissident Cypher discovers the truth is hard and decides that ‘ignorance is bliss’. He negotiates a deal to deliver Morpheus in turn for his previous ‘life’. For Cypher, the truth was too much to handle, he liked the illusion of his previous life. Once Neo gains knowledge of he Matrix, he is able to discern between the truth and illusion and ascends to a higher level of understanding. He realizes that he can no longer blindly accept information received through his senses, but must requires answers to his questions. He like Descartes comes to the conclusion â€Å"I think, therefore I am†. The difference between the Matrix and Plato and Descartes is the movie gives Neo a way back to the physical real world whereas Plato and Descartes only suggest there is another reality and we are dreaming but doesn’t give us a way back. None of the notables address God within the realm of truth. God states he is the way of the light and the truth. We are challenged in our daily lives to live a real life.

Individual Roles in Groups | Reflection

Individual Roles in Groups | Reflection Explore and discuss individual roles and function within groups using a reflective model This essay will explore, discuss and evaluate individual roles, processes of group formation and function within groups. It will look at reflection and the importance of reflection in paramedic practice. It will reflect on my own experiences during the role I played while participating in a group presentation. It will do this by using Gibbs reflective cycle (1988) as a model (Appendix A). Reid (1993) states that within healthcare, reflection has been defined as the active process of reviewing, analysing and evaluating experiences, drawing upon theoretical concepts or previous learning, in order to inform future actions (Cited in White et al 2005). In simplistic terms this means to learn from previous experiences and to implement effective positive changes to practice. By doing this the individual will give the patient a better experience. As a result of reflecting upon practice, this will encourage pro active learning and develop autonomous professional and clinical practice (White et al 2005). Gibbs (1988:09) believes that if an experience is not reflected upon the learning potential will be lost forever. The University of Leeds devised an experiment which supports this statement, Assessment and Learning in Practice Settings (Cited in White et al 2005) (Appendix B). The results of this experiment suggest that reflective practice is a vital skill for future paramedics (White et al 2005). It will enhance personal and professional development, therefore helping you to be constantly learning to excel in your chosen profession. Adair (1989, cited in Rogerson et al 1996) stated that a group is a gathering of more than two people that are identifiable by a type or name. The group should have the same goals and will need to help each other in order to achieve the reasons that they initially joined. He suggests that there are stages in the formation of groups known as group dynamics. This explains a groups behaviour and progression through four sequential stages; forming, storming, norming and performing (Adair 1989, cited in Rogerson et al 1996) (Appendix C). By way of practical example I will reflect on a group presentation in which I recently partook. When the group first met we discussed the assignment. At this stage we were in Adairs forming stage. We discussed ideas for the presentation and came up with times we could all meet. Nothing was actually confirmed we all just aired our opinions, no real progression was made during this stage. I do not believe we went through the storming stage as we did not argue over the logistics of the presentation. However we did utilise a democratic decision making process to avoid conflict. Throughout there was not a particular person who took control, we all got involved as much as each other. If two or more ideas were put forward regarding the same thing, a majorities vote always won. At each meeting we progressed and all had similar ideas to how we wanted the presentation to conclude. We were now at Adairs norming stage. At this point we were all in agreement and communicating effectively, we had group unity. Rogerson et al (1996:78) says that for a group to succeed a essential component of effective communication is necessary. We were in the Performing stage when we were ready to deliver the presentation on the allocated day. I felt a little more practice would have made everyone feel more comfortable in their roles and perform better. Benne and Sheats (1948) identified 26 different group roles from their article titled Functional Roles of Group Members (Appendix D). They categorised the group roles into three categories; task roles, personal and social roles and dysfunctional or individualistic roles. During the forming stage I believe I was the initiator/contributor as I suggested several ways of perusing our goal and in the norming stage I was the orienter. This is because during this stage I pointed out what else was needed to be included that I felt was missing and at each meeting I suggested what we should complete before leaving. The group all had the same goal which helped us to progress quickly and in addition to this we did not have any dysfunctional roles being played in our group, e.g. a blocker this type of role disagrees with everything being said and inhibits progression. We all wanted to ensure the task was done. Examples of other members roles are; an encourager who praised the group and kept us m otivated and we also had elaborator this role builds on other members ideas. This agreement and support was probably due to a shared common goal. During the formation of groups Hartley and Illingworth (2006) implied that social and emotional effects are often overlooked on individual group members. This was evident when we used the majority rules rule. The thoughts and feelings of the individual/s that were not in the majority whilst voting were not considered. This could cause them to feel inadequate and not worthy of further input. Fujishin (2007:80) suggests that while decisions are being made fast and therefore saving the group time. This does not permit commitment from the entire group as they do not fully agree with the route being taken. He suggests that for entire group commitment an alternative method of deciding would be required. I would be sure to fully listen to other peoples ideas if I was put in the same predicament, rather than immediately have a vote. During one of the set meetings there was one student who could not attend, we continued with the meeting without them. This was unfair to the student as we progressed without his thoughts or feelings. But unfair to the group as the deadline wasn’t extended due to him being unable to attend and this was a setback to the group as a whole. The next meeting took a long time to get going as we had to take the time to explain what he had missed. Continuing without the student lost us time when a the meeting could have been rearranged to a time when everyone could have attended. Listening to individuals ideas and recognising their feelings requires the ability to act upon ones own emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is to be aware of and in control of the management of your emotions, reactions, goals, intentions, and those of other people and their feelings (Gloeman 1995, cited in Chapman 2012). Cartney and Rouse (2006, cited in Chapman 2012) supported the benefits of taking into consideration the emotional impact on others. I have learnt that reflection using Gibbs (1988) model and effective communication plays a crucial part of academic learning, day to day and self learning and progression in practice. Bolton (2001, cited in Blabber 2008:62) believes thoughts and feeling are brought out of individuals by writing, that otherwise would not surface. It also facilitates a connection between the classroom and practice that would not otherwise be established (Rolfe et al, cited in Blabber 2008:62). This reflection has taught me to ensure that each individual is heard, encouraged and not left out as this will aid progression to the task in hand. As we can see reflection is important during paramedic practice. This widens our knowledge and encourages better practice (White et al 2005). This can help the paramedic to treat each individual patient with their own specific needs. Emotional intelligence which is realising the effects of your own interpersonal skills and attitude also plays a huge part of giving the right patient in the right place the right treatment at the right time. If this was not used in the correct way you could intentionally or unintentionally hurt someones feelings, resulting in ineffective communication and bad practice. This experience has taught me that camaraderie appears to be a vital component of becoming a successful paramedic. Other theorists also said Reflective practice is deemed an essential skill for future practitioners to learn and perform and pr ovides the framework for transferring and applying learning into different practical scenarios (Fearly, 1999; Duffy, 2009) Changes in Fashion and Technology: Impact of the Internet Changes in Fashion and Technology: Impact of the Internet Urban Fashion Urban cities like New York, Paris, London or Tokyo have too much to offer, there are lots of entertaining varieties of services, while its all depends on the product we buy from the electronic portals (Internet buying). The more opportunities we can have in the big cities or urban areas then in rural area. Its not always about the living as orthodox but sometimes its about the passion and the search of creativity for the destruction of hunger or we can say like to mark the business growth upwards we have to stay in the cosmopolites cities. There is a big connection in between the fashion and the mass populated areas, as the fashion business related peoples are keen to know the taste to develop the products according to the need of the customers as in mass places we can find different kind of peoples with different aesthetic senses. We have e-commerce and Internet which we can relate to the theory of Long tail in terms of culture and idea space now days. By focusing on the individual products could have given us the beneficial approach but also it would leads to the drawback of saturation in the market or in terms of products. Mass customization, through Internet selling would further facilitate the idea and capital earning. In living in the mass populated cities will also give the ecumenical advantages as well as the mass variety to select the suitable strategy for the establishment of the business. Designers and fashion houses would get more prospers in these kind of area that they can offer more as well as they could have more customers to buy the products also cities have usually wide distribution demand becomes concentrated. Cities are the natural house for the shopping malls, super marts, pubs and cinema houses; its easy to find the peoples with idiosyncratic taste from 9 million peoples in the city. (http://en.wikipedia.org, 2005) From retail space to Online The role of shelves in a retail apparel store is same as the normal groceries store or book store. The more the product is visible, the more the product sells. (Anderson, C, 2006) So there is always a great demand for the golden shelves that are just below the eye level. Managing the shelves space is becoming more and more crucial to the retailers. The same is for the fashion retailing also. In fact the shelves have got a more importance in a case of a multi-brand retailer. In most of the cases the ‘new arrivals are given the preference and are placed in the shelves which are most visible to the customers. The retail space has to be managed in a way that the sales generated should be more than the rent of the store itself and in addition it has to make profits. Well this problem can be reduced by removing the activity of buying goods from a store and replacing it by the means of online shopping. By introduction of online shopping, the storage of the products may be moved from a central location to a warehouse outside the cities, where the rent is very minimal. Also according to the latest estimates, by 2020 the retail sales in USA will be a mere 15% of the total sales. This doesnt mean that the retail store sales will be affected until there is a huge shift of the wholesale to the online shopping. (Markham, J. E, 1998) The latest trend is that the retailers are focusing on having very minimal number of products in their stores and maintain a large amount in the central warehouses. The Point of Sales (POS) are tracked daily and based on this, the products are replenished accordingly. The importance of small and large retail stores The hyper marketing store and large retailer shop in recent year shows sign of decline in department store but the number of small size boutique or retailer shops which benefit from accurate interior decoration and adhering the gratification rule of marketing , seems to be increase due to several reason unless location prices and financial issue.( Matthew M. Chew August 2008) As it mention in Small Fashion Boutiques and Retail Change in China wrote by Matthew M. Chew from Department of Sociology, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, HKSAR, China (Project Code: 4450082) †the two advantage of small retail store compare with large retail store categorize in relational marketing and store branding†, although the smaller retail shop cannot pay for expensive advertisement like cooperating with mass media or make use of innovative marketing value and tools due to their low space size and lack of capital but As it mention in Small Fashion Boutiques and Retail Change in China wrote by Matthew M. Chew from Department of Sociology, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, HKSAR, China (Project Code: 4450082) †their small size put them in position to develops relational marketing with their customer much more thoroughly and deeply than lager retail shop†. Relational marketing This concept directly affected the customer retention and maintain reciprocal relation between customer and retailers which strengthening the customer base, obviously the small size retail shop run by one or at least two person which increase the chance for direct communications and relationship with clients which increase the level of trust and service, also the customer loyalty might be increase if the retail shop owner benefit from accurate communication skill or using marketing tricks like put some present or attractive personal massage in cloths or accessory package also building reputation can be based on providing qualified product with affordable prices or offering some exclusive or unique fashion brand or upcoming designing, As it mention in Small Fashion Boutiques and Retail Change in China wrote by Matthew M. Chew from Department of Sociology, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, HKSAR, China (Project Code: 4450082) â€Å"they selling selves not merely the apparel items †. Store branding Indeed the small retail shop try to develop the store as a brand this can happened in two way which are, establishing store brand due to characteristic, opinion and life style of the owner of small retailer shop or through the suitable interior design of physical store or web shops hence the personal afford of the owner essential for building reputation so the owner should has tidy and attractive apparent in any condition and dressed like a fashion guide, the owner should has specific and unique life style with proper communication skill. (Matthew M. Chew August 2008) The store location and the degree of fashion ability combine with suitable decoration are important for small retail store to compete with other retail store in department store most of the small retailer shop are based in the middle flour of department store construction which is provide more comfortable, non invasive environment that customer can focus deeply on designer clothes or accessorise in small retailer shop, the recent matter cause progressing the level of service and reach more potential customer. The small retail shop free to mix and use different brands and they are very flexible on the other hand they cannot benefit from in- store events to increasing the amount of shopping value and overcome competitors but they are able to use proper decoration like exaggerating perspective, 3D dimensional spaces, spot light, light and fade colour even the location of high fashion or popular designer clothes is seems to be important usually they should place in the middle slab of the shelf. (Matthew M. Chew August 2008) Fashion in Department Stores For not long ago people tended to go to fashion stand-alone stores whenever they were looking for fashion articles. The stand-alone stores consisted of one main fashion brand and the articles offered by it. These articles could be anything from basic-collections to the newest collection of the season. Customers preferred to visit these stores and shop whatever they desired from the brand in that specific store. As a result of having a stand-alone store the range of articles within the store was of course wider and also the amount of garments within each collection was greater. And additional opportunity is the fact that stand-alone stores can easier create a whole experience around the brand that is offered by designing the store in that specific way that is appropriate for the that specific brand. (Geo Journal 45:255-264, 1998) The concept of department stores could be seen as one of societies most innovative and influential establishments since it also changed the business world particularly from the mid 1800s to the 1930s. Not only did the concept give birth to the consumption culture but also to the modern shopping center, where everything could be found beneath one roof. Hence, today, as a result of the growing market of fashion and the also the increased knowledge of customers, fashion brands and their products are being demanded in greater markets. Customers are enjoying their opportunity of having the ability to choose from several different brands and products and also to compare. Customers like the bigger format of department hence the retail formats are no longer being seen upon as the best safe option for the retailers. These demands have elaborated in more fashion brands locating themselves within different kind of department stores. (http://www.articlesbase.com, 2009) Luxury fashion brands such as Burberry, Gucci, and Armani have their shop-in-shop stores in Illum department store in Copenhagen. (http://www.illum.eu/, 2009) Moreover, Harrods which can be considered as one of the worlds biggest department stores with over 330 departments of shopping spaces, actually have their motto saying â€Å"Omnia Omnibus Ubique† which basically means â€Å"All Things for All People, Everywhere†. Harrods have a much wider range of brands such as Christian Dior, Oscar De La Renta and Versace, however they also have less luxurious brands such as Adidas and Acne. (http://www.articlesbase.com, 2009) With the establishment of department stores, companies are able to enter a larger market and make their brand more approachable to customers. However, usually in a department store, each and every brand is dealing with a smaller location to display their products in and these locations are called shop-in-shop stores. However, this means that brands have not enough space for all their products, as in their own stand-alone stores. Usually, in this case, the brand would have to choose the specific garments it would prefer to show and sell within that restricted space. The most usual way of selecting these items is to have the most significant items for that specific brand and additionally some basic along with the latest seasons and more procured items. The result would be that each and every brand within the department store would have their restricted space offering only some items from their collections. (Fashion Retail Marketing lecture 2009-11-13) Hence, one can conclude that department stores can look more attractive and also give the customer the awesome feeling that he/she have a lot to choose from, however, by looking deeply into these shop-in-shop stores, one realizes that the variety being offered is not enough, since some articles would always be missing. Online Visual Merchandising Since apparel is a product that needs to be experienced, the visual merchandising of it in online stores is more critical than for other kind of websites offering other products. Hence it is off great importance that the result of visual merchandising in online stores really creates the environment needed for visitors in order for them to obtain that desired experience. It is also important to offer more visual product information and various product presentations, in, for example, colors, styles, and sizes etc. (Ha, Y., Kwon, W.S, Lennon, S. 2006) One of the main problems with physical goods is the categorization of the products within a store. This topic is very important for department stores and their shop-in-shop stores, since the restricted space makes it more crucial to create a successful visual merchandising so that customers can find what they want easily in the logically and visually created environment. (Ha, Y., Kwon, W.S, Lennon, S. 2006) However, with the development of online retailing the concept of categorizing the products has been taken to another level since within online retailing, companies are more independent on their choice of categorizing and visualizing their products. Hence, by giving the customer ability to search for the product online one will actually make it easier for them to find what they are looking for. Additionally the overall customer service can be increased by providing your products online. (www.businessweek.com, 2009) Although many luxury fashion brands are still very cautious about selling their products online, a great amount of them have understood the importance of online retailing and does actually offer their products on pages such as the online fashion boutique Net-a-porter.com. On their website, the customers are both given various ability to look for products in categories such as designers, clothing, shoes, bags, accessories etc and within these categories one find more specific sub-categories, such as for designers one find the names of different designers, for clothing one find dresses, skirts, jackets etc, and these goes on for all categories. However, another way of searching for their products is through the â€Å"search-box† where they can write specifically what they are searching for and easily see if the online store has the product are not. (http://uberkid.typepad.com, 2007) E commerce and its advantage and disadvantage Nowadays most of the fashion brands and company recognised the e-commerce as strong marketing tools due to daily consumption of Internet, available progressive technology, customer awareness and precious time using so it is natural reaction if e -commerce increase among most of the retailer company. (NVision, 2008) These days large number of customer tend to shopping from the web instead of wasting their time in crowded uncomfortable environment such as physical retail store there are different advantages and disadvantages for online shopping, the availability and save time can be recognize as a advantage so the customers can shop whatever they need without facing time limitation, it is easier for customer to find certain style in web shop than the physical store only by searching via essential information such size, colour, type, also client can compare the price of the goods and heat the best choice. (Laudon Traver, 2008, p. 346) The disadvantages of the online shop are the customer cannot touch or test clothes or accessories and that would be a serious problem which increase the product returns, also delivery time is critical for most customer and long delivery time will decrease the level of service and ruin the brand image, the other important thing is, the security of web site should be consider to avoid online rubbing of credit cards information by hackers (Laudon Traver, 2008, pp. 345-355). the retailer can reach more customers via online shopping and there will be no need for rent or buy expensive location for establishing physical store, it is easier for retailer to change the characteristic of their goods like prices and answer to their customers real needs but during online shopping there is no chance to gain benefit from effective communication skills and the web shopper should gain their customer trust in another way than direct relationship. (Laudon Traver, 2008, pp.556-557) CRM-system Online shop can earn profit by using customer relationship management system, this system help the online shop to collect their customer personal information and also their outcome like their opinion and suggestion with correct using of such system it is possible to record the interaction between customer and online shop and company can find out various needs of different customers so the customer loyalty increase dramatically and it have influence on level of service and customer retention, so the company can customize various marketing strategy to cover enlarge demand of e-customer the information collected by phone or email. (Xu Walton 2005) Internet- customer location The retail geography is very important in any business whether it is a groceries store, book store, fashion outlet etc. There are many factors that are taken into consideration while selecting a location of a store. Factors such as the customer concentration, customer behavior, local conditions, transportation network etc are very critical in the selection of a location. Stores that do not consider these factors will not be able to attract the customers. Also the maintenance costs of such store will also be more that the revenues generated by it. Even the physical distribution costs will also be high for such stores which are inaccessible due to very bad transport network/infrastructure. Despite of doing a lot of research for selecting the right location for a store, not all stores are successful. One of the main reasons for this is that the customers are usually distributed over a large geographical location. (Anderson, C, 2006) For such scenarios the online shopping is proving out to be a good alternative. But again the consumer behavior is critical due to the fact that most of the consumers still tend to have a physical touch of the products they buy. Well this can be applied to the fashion industry also. Most of the fashion retailers tend to open their stores mainly in bigger cities that too in prime locations. The bigger cities have higher population density and there is a high tendency of doing a good business. The best examples are location such as 5th Avenue, New York, West End, London etc which are now termed as the shopping districts. (http://en.wikipedia.org) Most of the bigger fashions brands want to open their store in these locations and are ready to pay astronomical prices are rent. One of the main advantages of these locations is that they are easily accessible. Another factor that influences the store location is the consumer behavior. One cannot expect a luxury brand like Gucci or Chanel to do good business at a location which is filled with consumers who do not have a high purchasing power. Also the local conditions such as climate, geography etc also plays a major role. (Markham, J. E, 1998) A skiwear store can do a very good business at locations where there are mountains and snow. The same way the surf wear brand can sell it products only at locations which are nearer to beaches. So Location is very crucial. Over the last decade the best solutions that have evolved for the problems related to customer geography is the Internet. Internet allows the feature called the Online shopping which enables the customers to buy the products from their homes is becoming more and more popular. Online shopping is advantageous for both the retailers and the customers. The main advantage for the retailers is that it allows them to reach the low density customers with the same efficiency as the high density ones. (Anderson, C, 2006) This is the reason that most of the traditional retailers are spending a lot of money in building up their own web shopping applications (For eg: HM, Gina Tricot etc). Some of the success stories are www.nelly.se and www.ellos.se. Though the online shopping is a best way to reach the low density and remote customers, it should be well supported by a good distribution system. Networking in the fashion world Before this television, computers and these virtual medias there were radios, those were knows as the king for the entertainment, there were only few broadcasting stations. But in twentieth century gradually this place was taken by the television and can see this trend fully involved with the human life. TV was the trend driven media before the computer and Internet, the plate form from which we can connect to the whole world is Internet. The relation of the capital earning is connected to the key factor i.e. the more networking you have in terms of marketing the more you earn. For the fashion brands and for the sake of business its more important to have the networking among the social circle of fashion peoples. Aside from using scarce distribution resources promptly or efficiently by aggregating and emphasizing on the customer, now days the strongest Medias are advertising and virtual learning via Internet or television. Once the advertisements or commercial of your product hits th en you can earn money and can touch the blockbusters level. But do you know how to make the hit; there are 2 to achieve this level. Deep search unpredictable genius. Use lowest denominators formula to create optimized product to sell. The principle related as general for the entertainment for last 10 decades was economics and distribution were scarce and the consumer attention was distracted. Its the fact that not everyone can make the movie, broadcast and makes it on air. Those have done it was the opportunity for them to capture the market. As its the sellers market and they can also to afford to waste attention. (www.bbb.org, 2008) The future of Internet in fashion The customer behavior has been changing over time and this also made the retailer to make changes accordingly. The change in the shopping experiences has moved from the traditional bazaars to independent stores/boutiques, and then came the franchisees, then the multi brand retail stores etc. This trend doesnt seem to stops anywhere. But over the last couple of decades the evolution of Internet is changing the whole scenario. (http://en.wikipedia.org) The use of Internet has been expanding at an enormous rate, especially in the last decade. (www.Internetworldstats.com) Of the time the people sit in front of the computer, 80% of the time they spend it on the Internet. The Internet has become a part of lifestyle today. The use of Internet has enables people to do most of their works online sitting in front of the computer. The shopping experience has also been influenced by the Internet mania. The customer prefers to buy the products from the Internet and as per latest estimates the cus tomers in UK spend around 17 pence in every pound they shop. (http://news.bbc.co.uk) This trend is growing and it seems that the future retailing will be dominated by the Internet. The rise of Internet has also caused a lot of dangers. The main disadvantage is that the customers cannot really check the product physically. Especially with the fashion industry, where purchased products look very attractive on retailers webpage but when finally when the products arrives he may not be satisfied with the fabric, fitting etc. So this will make the customers to return the products to the retailer. This situation is a very big problem as most the customers dont know how to return back a product to the retailers, who will be paying the postal charges etc. (http://www.oft.gov.uk) Another disadvantage of Internet shopping is the security and privacy risks. The critical information of the customers such as the name, address, credit card details etc are stored online and if no required security is maintained, there is a high probability of this data ending up in wrong hands. Another problem with the online shopping is the inability to adhere to strict delivery times. Someti mes the products do not arrive at the time the customer wishes and this will create a lot of problems. Improper distribution system is the main cause for these kinds of products. (Anderson, C, 2006) Some other problems are the hidden costs which are advertised as free but carry more price than the original. This usually happens when the retailer advertises products for free but charges high shipping costs than normal. (http://www.oft.gov.uk)

Setting And Story :: essays research papers

Setting and Story   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The setting in the story, â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†, is very important to the story as a whole. In many situations it is needed to relay important ideas. There are three main things in the plot that give the story this special touch. One example is the color of the rooms of the abbey. The next thing is the seclusion of the abbey, This gives the characters a false sense of security and a sort of dramatic irony to the reader. The third thing in the setting was the era that story took place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The colors of the rooms play an important role in the story. Each room seems to take on a kind of theme some more obvious than others. The Black room represented the â€Å"Red Death† even though this is not stated the reader can assume this because the people avoid that room during the story. No one enters it until the â€Å"Red Death† kills the prince in it. The rooms add a lot to the story. They help convey the idea that their are two forces at work. The good and the bad, the bad being the red death, and the good being the party, full of life and excitement. They also help the reader see that the people would rather forget about the plague outside, and that helps the reader realize why the people where so opposed to the â€Å"Red Death† when he made his appearance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The seclusion of the abbey also adds to the story. The seclusion of the abbey gives the characters a sort of false sense of security. The characters believed that they would be safe from the plague by boarding up the gates and sealing themselves inside. When they where actually locking themselves into there own deaths, and by locking and welding the gates the author brings the attention of dramatic irony to the reader.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third thing in the plot that had a significant effect on the story was the time the story took place. The effect of this ordeal accruing during medieval times is the reader associates all the suspicions and mythological ideas of that time with the story, allowing the reader to more actually experience the emotions of the people of that time.

The Red Badge of Courage :: essays research papers

The name of this book is The Red Badge of Courage, and it was written by Stephen Crane in 1894. It is about a physical and emotional pain that a solider of the Civil War might have went through. The soldiers pain comes from all of the horrible things associated with war. The main character, Henery Fleming, joins the Union army dreaming of the heroic things he will accomplish. At the beginning of the story, he thought that war was a beautiful thing, he thought that it was not such a big deal, but has the story develops, he discovers that war is not so great and becomes real unsure of himself. Henry then meets up with his friend Jim. Then halfway through the book he confronts his cowardice and gains a sense of duty and responsibility. When the novel ends he has conquered his fear., and he is able to prove to everybody that he is really not a coward. Later in the book, Henry meets Wilson, the loud solider, who I think represents the two sides of human nature. Wilson is a mean and tough guy that no one likes and then towards the end of the book he finds that he really cares about Henry. While Henry is dealing with all of his emotions that are moving into war, he finds the friend he needs among his comrades at the war. The book Red Badge of Courage has a very deep meaning because it gives great detail about the hardship of war, the physical and emotional side of it. It shows how a young solider of the Civil War would have felt and also it shows all his fears. It also shows with great detail what was war like in that time. This book is not just about war and the fighting, the book gives very important facts about the camp and the other soldiers that Henry Flemmings interacts with. It tells how soldiers break down in war and that all of them are heroes at sometime in the war. All of the characters in the Red Badge of Courage represent some aspect of man either physically or emotionally.

What tree did you fall from? :: essays research papers

> >What tree did you fall from? Find your birthday, find your tree and then > >scroll down... This is really cool and somewhat accurate, also in line > with > >Celtic astrology. > >Jan 01 to Jan 11 - Fir Tree > >Jan 12 to Jan 24 - Elm Tree > >Jan 25 to Feb 03 - Cypress Tree > >Feb 04 to Feb 08 - Poplar Tree > >Feb 09 to Feb 18 - Cedar Tree > >Feb 19 to Feb 28 - Pine Tree > >Mar 01 to Mar 10 - Weeping Willow Tree > >Mar 11 to Mar 20 - Lime Tree > >Mar 21 - Oak Tree > >Mar 22 to Mar 31 - Hazelnut Tree > >Apr 01 to Apr 10 - Rowan Tree > >Apr 11 to Apr 20 - Maple Tree > >Apr 21 to Apr 30 - Walnut Tree > >May 01 to May 14 - Poplar Tree > >May 15 to May 24 - Chestnut Tree > >May 25 to Jun 03 - Ash Tree > >Jun 04 to Jun 13 - Hornbeam Tree > >Jun 14 to Jun 23 - Fig Tree > >Jun 24 - Birch Tree > >Jun 25 to Jul 04 - Apple Tree > >Jul 05 to Jul 14 - Fir Tree > >Jul 15 to Jul 25 - Elm Tree > >Jul 26 to Aug 04 - Cypress Tree > >Aug 05 to Aug 13 - Poplar Tree > >Aug 14 to Aug 23 - Cedar Tree > >Aug 24 to Sep 02 - Pine Tree > >Sep 03 to Sep 12 - Weeping Willow Tree > >Sep 13 to Sep 22 - Lime Tree > >Sep 23 - Olive Tree > >Sep 24 to Oct 03 - Hazelnut Tree > >Oct 04 to Oct 13 - Rowan Tree > >Oct 14 to Oct 23 - Maple Tree > >Oct 24 to Nov 11 - Walnut Tree > >Nov 12 to Nov 21 - Chestnut Tree > >Nov 22 to Dec 01 - Ash Tree > >Dec 02 to Dec 11 - Hornbeam Tree > >Dec 12 to Dec 21 - Fig Tree > >Dec 22 - Beech Tree > >Dec 23 to Dec 31 - Apple Tree > >APPLE TREE (Love) - of slight build, lots of charm, appeal, and > attraction, > >pleasant aura, flirtatious, adventurous, sensitive, always in love, wants > to > >love and be loved, faithful and tender partner, very generous, scientific > >talents, lives for today, a carefree philosopher with imagination. > >ASH TREE (Ambition) - uncommonly attractive, vivacious, impulsive, > demanding, > >does not care for criticism, ambitious, intelligent, talented, likes to > play > >with fate, can be egotistic, very reliable and trustworthy, faithful and > >prudent lover, sometimes brains rule over the heart, but

Mariano Azuela’s the Underdogs

Mariano Azuela’s The Underdogs, is about a brotherhood of the Mexican people taking a journey with only one thing on their mind; revenge against Huerta and the Federales. In this story, we as the reader are confronted with characters, such as Demetrio Macias, who is destined to lead his people into the depths of retaining an incorrupt lifestyle and hopes to find peace from the effect of war. Although Demetrio is seen as one of the main characters in the novel, we are also briefly engaged in the other revolutionary forces under Pancho Villa, Carranza, Obregon, and by peasants under Zapata.These appositional forces gain strength against the Huerta government as well. The Underdogs almost symbolizes a Robin Hood story, in which, Demetrio and his peasant guerrilla forces revolt against a higher commanding army of the government, that relies on corrupting the lives of innocent people. After reading the novel, the appendix which follows, brought on a wide range of comparisons and co ntrasts between the fictional story and the real events of the Mexican Revolution.To begin, The Underdogs is depicted as a â€Å"circulatory novel† in which, Azuela suggests that Demetrio and his men never make any progress geographically, but instead are going around in circles. We can only assume that Azuela does this on purpose to make room for what he thinks is a literary connection between the story and the Revolution, in saying that the Revolution was ineffective and unsuccessful(p. 93). Although this example does not really tie into a universal agreement with the effects on the Mexican Revolution, it is interesting to gain an understanding on where Azeula’s thoughts are within his novel.However, the debate arises when the topic of ‘ignorance and confusion’ is introduced. The appendix argues that Demetrio and his army do not obtain a revolutionary mind set when it comes to fighting the Federales. Instead, they have more of a personal response. For ex ample, one of the rebellious peasants under Demetrio, whose name is Guero Margarito, says â€Å"He[General Orozco] slapped my face when I was a waiter at Delmonico’s in Chihuaha†(p. 62). We as the reader are submitted into a personal motivation that is driving Guero to take part in this Revolution.We are also informed in the beginning of the novel that Demetrio has a personal reason for joining up with the rebel forces, when he was persecuted by a powerful landowner and political boss. There also lies a demoralization within Demetrio pertaining to revolutionary decisions. At one point he says, â€Å"Truth is I don’t understand these here politics†(p. 71) and at another point in the story, he shows a puzzling understanding toward General Natera when Demetrio is asked if he’s going to side with Villa or Carranza.Both of these examples equally show Demetrios fundamental comprehension of the Revolution, which further justifies his participation in it f or personal reasons rather than political ones. Azuela also dramatizes on the caudillismo, which means, the tendency to follow the lead of strong men because of personal allegiance rather than political conviction. We see that Demetrio is a strong follower of this definition, in that he will gladly do what a strong man, such as Natera, will command him to do, without having to understand any political bounds.In comparison to the novel to the history, it is true that Demetrio and his men were very poor and unequipped when it came to uniforms and weapons, as opposed to the Federales who did obtain a more bountiful amount of armory and new technological advances, such as the machine gun, which played a hefty role in demolishing the rebel forces. In contrast to the heavy duty weapons that the Federales acquired, the Mexican rebels only had the tools that they secured off of the enemy dead, like knives, homemade weapons and the limited amount of rifles.Through the novel, Azuela writes as if we are seeing a small yet brave army with knives stand tall and victorious over a much larger group of soldiers with machine guns. However, when we read about a past historical battle between the rebels and the Federales, a revolutionary officer named Solis tells of how his soldiers were â€Å"mown down by the machine gun fire†(p. 97). But, in the story, we read that Demetrio and his soldiers charge up a hill and knife the Federales, while Demetrio â€Å"lassoes machine guns, roping them as if they were wild bulls†(p. 43).We can only accept Azuela’s decision to make it seem like the rebel forces had a chance against the Federales when indeed, they had a very slim possibility in succeeding. Although Azuela leaves out some true historical events, the appendix comments on how Azuela’s unique and descriptive style of writing still leaves a meaningful connection between the novel and the reader. For example, in one passage, Azuela describes the Villista ai rplanes in action, referring to them as something the peasants in Mexico can relate to. He first compares them to a canoe, then to an automobile, and then to bombs to the act of feeding chickens.However, it is important to note that Villa and his legendary Division del Norte are never seen in the novel, but the appendix does not argue that Azuela’s writing is very rich in respect to connecting the reader’s perception of war with his words. This also generates the panoramic atmosphere that Azuela brings across in his writing when really he is rather focusing on a limited scope(p. 98). â€Å"Azuela’s main focus in the novel is not trained on the vast historical sweep or ideological intricacies of the Revolution; his deepest interest is in its most humble protagonists†(p. 99).This quote from the appendix invites a very important question; what was Azuela thinking when he named the book, The Underdogs? Demetrio and his men are against all odds of winning the Mexican Revolution, but if we think about this question in a wider retrospect, when we actually begin to understand Demetrio or Luis Cervantes’s character even, we would agree with the appendix that these men are nothing compared to underdogs. Yes, they have come from the bottom of society, however, they are now fighting for something that they believe in, their interests, and â€Å"they are on the winning side†(p. 9). The reader is brought into a view of men who have decided to meet and rise into arms against the corruptions and injustices of their lives. In reconnecting back to the panoramic statement, the appendix comments on Azuela’s approach on fragmenting his writing and lacking history within the Revolution. Within this technique, he decides to write about the things that he himself witnessed and merely ignores the experiences of famous leaders of the Revolution like Villa, Carranza, Obregon or Zapata.Even when General Natera is in a scene with Demetrio, Azuela simply does not paint any interesting emotion within his character. Instead, Azuela is clearly focused on connecting the reader with the underdogs in any chance he gets. The appendix describes that, â€Å"Their faces, expressions, actions, thoughts, hopes, and fears fill the pages of the novel†(p. 100). Azuela has also been deliberately attacked with accusations regarding his misunderstanding of the Mexican Revolution in regards to his fragmentary approach to writing The Underdogs.However, he simply explained in an interview that he was just trying to show â€Å"the forest and not the trees† or the ignorance of the abuses and the personal benefit from the Revolution(p. 101). In this case, Azuela did succeed. In reading Anita Brenner’s Review of the novel, she says that it is an â€Å"isolated masterpiece† however, she fears that there are still flaws within the novel. For example, she feels as though the story races and does not build like his othe r ones.She thinks that a foreign reader of Azuela’s work would â€Å"mistake fatigue for futility† and come to the conclusion that these rebel forces of men would have been killed for no practical purposes when their lives signified a spiritual change(p. 118). Since Azuela is not categorized as a post-revolutionary idealist, a reader may think that these men died for a less heroic cause, when this isn’t true at all. Brenner also comments on the lack of feeling she gets when reading the English version of the novel as opposed to the Spanish version.She ends with awkward and misunderstood phrases that the translator decided to use and remarks on how the â€Å"greatest modern book can only be retained in its true Spanish tongue†(p. 119). In conclusion, The Underdogs, by Mariana Azuela symbolizes a double-edged sword. In one viewing, it foreshadows the succession that Azuela mirrors within his words as applying a distinct focus on the protagonists; the pictur esque and real emotions depicted by Demetrio and his army. And in a second, more authentic notion, almost fails to unite with the Mexican Revolution through Azuela’s fragmentation approach and limit on historical events.